By Michael S. Gazzaniga
The such a lot authoritative cognitive neuroscience textual content is usually the main accessible.
the 1st textbook for the direction, and nonetheless the industry chief, Cognitive Neuroscience has been completely refreshed, rethought, and reorganized to reinforce scholars’ and teachers’ adventure. a gorgeous, all new artwork software conveys info and ideas essentially, and new chapter-opening Anatomical Orientation figures support scholars get their bearings. The desk of contents and the chapters themselves were reorganized to enhance the logical movement of the narrative, and the area well known writer workforce has saved the e-book totally brand new at the most recent learn during this fast-paced box.
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Extra info for Cognitive Neuroscience. The Biology of the Mind
Sample text
In myelinated axons, these in the vast majority of cases, this distance is too great for voltage-gated ion channels are confined to the axon hillthe EPSP to have any effect. Why is this the case? 11a). As its name The small electrical current produced by the EPSP is denotes, the spike-triggering zone initiates the action passively conducted through the cytoplasm of the denpotential. (The term spike is shorthand for an action drite, cell body, and axon. Passive current conduction is potential, because when viewed as a recording displayed called electrotonic conduction or decremental conduction.
Accelerated transmission of the action potential is accomplished in myelinated axons. 11a) surrounding the membrane of myelinated axons makes the axon superresistant to voltage loss. The high electrical resistance allows passive currents generated by the action potential to be shunted farther down the axon. The result is that action potentials do not have to be generated as often, and they can be spread out along the axon at wider intervals. Indeed, action potentials in myelinated axons need occur only at the nodes of Ranvier, where myelination is interrupted.
This outward flow of positive ions begins to shift the membrane potential back toward its resting potential (3). The opening of the K+ channels outlasts the closing of the Na+ channels, causing a second repolarizing phase of the action potential; and this drives the membrane potential toward the equilibrium potential of K+, which is even more negative than the resting potential. The equilibrium potential is the particular voltage at which there is no net flux of ions. , around −80 mV). Hyperpolarization causes the K+ channels to close, resulting in (5) the membrane potential gradually returning to its resting state.
