By Charles O. Hartman
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Extra resources for Free verse : An essay on prosody
Example text
Our dominant meter stands at some distance from musical principles; yet the system brings with it assumptions that apply only to a time-based prosody. Even Saintsbury succumbed to the confusion. Karl Shapiro, speaking of Saintsbury's idea of "equivalance," which seeks to explain how trisyllabic feet can appear in iambic verse, points out that what Saintsbury "knew and tried so hard not to say was that equivalence is the temporal or quantitative element in English versification which equalizes unequal ac centual elements by varying the time of feet, whether in the ear or in the recitation of the verse.
To call all verse accentual that does not count syl lables is no solution. The theories of isochrony and accentualism belong to the same enterprise and share the same flaws. In both cases, if the elements the prosody requires can be shown to exist, they can be discovered equally well in any bit of speech. Prosody re quires more. The inevitable presence of a rhythmic element does not demonstrate the poet's control of temporal experi ence. By the arguments of these various writers, all English verse—perhaps all English—is accentual and isochronous.
John Gould Fletcher, the accentualist, takes the same tack: "A piece of verse must have a certain form and rhythm, and this form and rhythm must be more rounded, more heightened, more apparent to both eye and ear, than the form and the rhythm of prose" (37, 12). All these theorists and theories tended to converge on the word cadence. The convergence was more lexical than seman- Free Verse and Prose 47 tic, since the word came to mean whatever a writer liked. Some claimed that verse or poetry has it, while prose does not; others assumed that both manifest it but in different de grees; still others, or the same writers on other occasions, in sisted that "prose cadence" and "verse cadence" differ in kind.