By Helen Block Lewis
Freud's discovery of an emotional foundation for psychological ailment led him to pursue the emotional foundation of human habit ordinarily. This pursuit led him to adopt observational stories of goals (1900), daily error (1901), sexuality (1905b), personality formation (1908, 1931), jokes (1905a), and the foundation of guilt (1913). quantity 2 of Freud and sleek Psychology examines the texts of every of those significant writings more often than not psychology, carrying on with to discover the contradiction among Freud's observations in regards to the energy of feelings and his slim the oretical formulations approximately human habit. quantity 2 additionally reports the amazing energy of the uniquely ethical feelings of disgrace and guilt not just to create psychiatric signs, as mentioned in quantity 1, yet to infiltrate our nightly goals, create daily parapraxes, effect the advance of sexuality, specify the emotional unencumber in jokes, form character, and "create" human tradition. As we observed in quantity 1, we will see back in quantity 2 that Freud's theoretical problems arose from the absence of a manageable thought of human nature as cultural, that's, social by means of organic beginning. In a the oretical framework in accordance with the cultural nature of human nature, the sentiments and the social team spirit are reciprocally with regards to one another. the sentiments are the technique of the social unity which, in flip, is the potential wherein the sentiments, together with disgrace and guilt, are shaped in infancy.
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Extra resources for Freud and Modern Psychology: The Emotional Basis of Human Behavior
Example text
His analysis of the process of dreaming and of the process of hysterical symptom-formation uncovered similar mechanisms: Normal thoughts have been submitted to abnormal treatment: they haue been transformed IIlto the symptoms by means of condensation and the formation of compromises. by way of superficial associations and 111 dIsregard of contradictions. and. also. it may be, along the path of regression (Freud's italics). In view of the complete identity between the characteristic features of the dream-work and those of physical activity which issues in psychoneurotic symptoms, we feel justified in carrying over to dreams the conclusions we have been led to by hysteria.
This finding suggests that field-dependent people may be particularly prone to repress their anxiety-laden dreams. Repression, in other words, is not the single cause of dream forgetting, as Freud's theory required, but a description of dream loss as it occurs in some people. The Need to Dream Fairly soon after the discovery of the REMS came the evidence that REM periods are "imperative" happenings in a circadian rhythm. Deprivation of REM periods-that is, interruptions of REM periods before their completion-results in a "rebound" effect.
The theoretical system Freud built as the result of his study of dreams was an elegant one that included the instigation, content, and forgetting of dreams in a single explanatory model: a conflict between two systems. This theoretical model, although it was meant to be discarded when new information became available, actually became a straitjacket. A set of rules evolved for understanding dreams which were as follows: (1) Manifest dreams are not interpretable; (2) a dream is not fully interpreted until one has unearthed the infantile sexual wish that evoked the dream; and (3) dreams are forgotten only as a result of repression.
