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4). 4 +y (continued) Determining the Position of a Point in 3D Space P +z -x +x 3 -xMeasure the point’s distance out from the origin-z along the z-axis -y We might, for example, state that point p is at the position (8,12,5) meaning that point p is 8 units along the x-axis, 12 units along the y-axis and 5 units along the z-axis. World Units Distances are measured in units. These units have no relationship to real-life measurements such as centimetres or inches. Instead, objects are constructed in such a way as to be the correct size relative to other objects.

An x value, a y value and a z value The 3D vector holds three values... Many of the DarkBASIC Pro statements we'll encounter later make use of 3D vectors for storing results, so it's useful to give you this quick grounding in them at this early stage. We'll learn more on this subject in a later chapter. Object Terminology Just as 2D has a few basic shapes such as a line, a circle, a triangle and a rectangle, so we have a set of basic shapes (known as primitives) in 3D. These include the sphere, cylinder, cone, and cube.

Every polygon has an associated surface normal. A surface normal is a vector at right angles to its polygon. Using surface normals to calculate shading can result in a patchy effect. Every vertex of a polygon has an associated vertex normal. Vertex normals may be used to create smoother shading effects, but at the cost of more complex calculations. 754 DarkBASIC Pro: 3D - Concepts and Terminology 31 Absolute and Relative Object Movement Global and Local Axes Creating 3D Primitives Culling Deleting 3D Primitives Duplicating 3D Objects Merging Objects Pointing an Object in a Specific Direction Positioning 3D Objects Retrieving 3D Object Data Rotating 3D Objects Resetting Local Axes Resizing 3D Objects Showing and Hiding 3D Objects Wireframe Mode DarkBASIC Pro: 3D Primitives 755 3D Primitives Introduction DarkBASIC Pro contains several statements for creating and manipulating 3D primitives such as spheres, cones and cubes.

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