By Francis Lelo Nzuzi
Conséquence d'une croissance spatiale rapide et anarchique, Kinshasa connaît de sérieux problèmes environnementaux: érosions, inondations, toxins de l'air. Face à l. a. défaillance du pouvoir, de jeunes kinois contribuent à l'assainissement. Une formation en éducation environnementale pour un développement urbain sturdy basé sur un urbanisme participatif s'impose.
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Extra info for Kinshasa : Ville et Environnement
Sample text
Ces anciennes cités ont été largement peuplées de migrants ruraux qui ont accompagné la naissance de la ville. Elles possèdent les premiers établissements d'auto-construction dans des parcelles loties par le pouvoir administratif et selon des normes imposées telles que la plantation d'une haie périphérique. Le premier affiux de ces ruraux se situe après l'arrivée du rail de 365 km, le 6 juillet 1898, en provenance de la ville portuaire de Matadi. Ce chemin de fer transforme 'la gare terminus de Kinshasa'.
Avant l'Indépendance, elle jouait un rôle important de 'pôle économique' afin de désengorger la Gombe. Dans ses 500 ha (pain, 1974), elle a abrité un centre commercial et des affaires, un quartier industriel et un quartier résidentiel pour le secteur est de la ville. Les quartiers industriel et résidentiel sont géographiquement séparés par le boulevard Lumumba. La bourgeoisie nationale est surtout attirée par le quartier résidentiel conçu jadis pour loger les cadres européens des sociétés. Ses grandes parcelles, à l'ombre d'arbres tropicaux, atteignent facilement les 1000 m 2.
La première distribution d'eau, sous forme de bornes fontaines, ne fut pas installée avant 1933 et aucun raccordement individuel, ni à l'eau ni à l'électricité, n'a existé dans les cités avant 1948. La commune de Kintambo, à l'ouest, a été implantée à l'arrière du site initial de Léopoldville. Son vieux port est le siège du premier chantier naval. La création de la zone industrielle de Kintambo, comprenant notamment une usine textile inaugurée en 1928, a entraîné la construction de camps pour les travailleurs (Flouriot, 1973) parce que les règles d'urbanisme de l'époque exigeaient de loger les ouvriers à moins de 500 m de l'usine.
