By Nebraska Symposium, Rick A. Bevins, Michael T. Bardo
This quantity marks the 50th anniversary of the Nebraska Symposium on Motivation, the longest always operating symposium within the box of psychology. The motivational tactics desirous about drug abuse, the biggest illness within the usa, are the topic of 8 thought-provoking essays that probe behavioral, cognitive, evolutionary, and physiological views. George F. Koob discusses the consequences of an allostatic view of motivation in psychopathology. Harriet de Witt considers the twin determinants of drug use in people, gift and impulsivity, whereas R. D. Spealman and his learn crew check the triggers of relapse in nonhuman primates. Jaak Panksepp and colleagues elucidate the function of emotional structures in habit through a neuroethological point of view, whereas Michael T. Bardo and Linda Dwoskin describe the organic connection among novelty and drug-seeking motivational structures. force, incentive, and reinforcement, in addition to components controlling the reinitiation of drug looking and the environmental resources of motivation around out the rest discussions through Roy A. clever, Jane Stewart, and M. Vogel-Sprott.
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Extra resources for Nebraska Symposium on Motivation, Volume 50: Motivational Factors in the Etiology of Drug Abuse (v. 50)
Sample text
Poulos, C. , & Cappell, H. (1991). Homeostatic theory of drug tolerance: A general model of physiological adaptation. Psychological Review, 98, 390– 408. Richter, C. P. (1927). Animal behavior and internal drives. Quarterly Review of Biology, 2, 307–343. Richter, R. , & Weiss, F. (1999). In vivo crf release in rat amygdala is increased during cocaine withdrawal in self-administering rats. Synapse, 32, 254–261. Roberts, A. , & Koob, G. F. (1996). Intra-amygdala muscimol decreases operant ethanol self-administration in dependent rats.
Friedman, & J. D. ), Treating psychological trauma and PTSD (pp. 125–138). New York: Guilford Press. , & Koob, G. F. (1993). Intracranial self-stimulation thresholds as a measure of reward. In A. ), Behavioural neuroscience: A practical approach: Vol. 2 (pp. 93–115). New York: Oxford University Press. McEwen, B. S. (1998). Protective and damaging effects of stress mediators. New England Journal of Medicine, 338, 171–179. McEwen, B. S. (2000). Allostasis and allostatic load: Implications for neuropsychopharmacology.
Allostatic load represents either external demands, such as too much stress, or internal demands, such as inefficient operation of the stress hormone response system. , 1994). A positive feedback interaction between glucocorticoids and crf in the extended amygdala was hypothesized by Schulkin and colleagues (1994) as a substrate for specific symptoms of depressed patients such as expectation of adversity or negative outcomes. They argued that the loss of predictability and loss of perceived control leads to perpetual anticipation, is mediated by crf in the amygdala, is modulated by glucocorticoids, and as such represents a neurobiological basis for the allostatic load and pathological arousal associated with melancholic depression.
