By Dr. Sara J. Cuccurullo MD
I have been in inner most perform for 10years, yet were out of PMR perform for approximately eight years. i used this article solely for the recertification forums and handed with flying colors.
if your basic objective is to go the recertification board, this is often ALL YOU NEED.
secondarily, i might imagine it's a great quickly referrence for daily pmr issues.
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Example text
III. Syndromes of the Paramedian (Medial) Brainstem • The paramedian area of the brainstem contains: – Motor nuclei of CNs – Corticospinal tract 12 n STROKE – Medial lemniscus – Corticobulbar tract • Signs/symptoms include: – Ipsilateral CN paralysis – Contralateral hemiparalysis Gross locations of CN brainstem nuclei. * NOTE: CN1 and CN2 nuclei are located in forebrain. The spinal division of CN11 arises from ventral horns of CN1–CN6 levels. TABLE 1–2 Syndromes of the Paramedian (Medial) Brainstem Medial Medullary Syndrome “Another Lesion” Weber Syndrome Millard-Gubler Syndrome • Ipsilateral CN3 palsy • Ipsilateral CN6 paralysis (often CN7 also involved) • Ipsilateral CN12 palsy • Contralateral hemiplegia • Contralateral hemiplegia (extension into medial lemniscus is Foville syndrome with gaze palsy to side of lesion) • Contralateral hemiplegia • Contralateral lemniscal (tactile • Contralateral lemniscal sensation) sensory loss secondary sensory loss to damage to medial lemniscus Weber Syndrome (Base of Midbrain) • Obstruction of interpeduncular branches of posterior cerebral artery or posterior choroidal artery or both.
Migraine headaches • Sleep apnea • Patent foramen ovale (PFO) [Obesity/sedentary life style (no clear relationship with increased risk of stroke)] Other Risk Factors (Heart Disease and Stroke Statistics—2008 Update) • Geographical location: higher risk of stroke in the southeastern United States than in other areas—the so-called “stroke belt” states. • Socioeconomic factors: some evidence that strokes are more common in people with lowincome than among more affluent people. STROKE n n BASIC NEUROANATOMICAL REVIEW OF THE MAJOR VESSELS INVOLVED IN STROKE FIGURE 1–1 The principal vessels of the vertebrobasilar system in relation to the brainstem.
Some of the methods for preparation for the Board examination are described below. Additionally, each candidate may develop his or her own system. It is essential that each candidate study a standard textbook of PM&R from beginning to end. Any of the standard textbooks of PM&R should provide a good basic knowledge base in all areas of PM&R. Ideally, the candidate should read one good textbook and not jump from one to another, except for reading certain chapters that are outstanding in a particular textbook.
