By Seddon

The point of interest of this ebook is at the govt of prisoners with psychological illnesses in England and Wales over the past twenty-five years. the broader context and backdrop to the ebook is the shift to 'late modernity', which, because the Nineteen Seventies has visible giant structural swap in so much Western societies, affecting the social, fiscal and cultural spheres, in addition to the sector of crime and punishment. This book investigates even if those profound adjustments have additionally resulted in a reconfiguring of responses to mentally susceptible offenders who prove in legal. in particular, it explores how this team of prisoners has emerge as seen more and more as resources of 'risk', requiring 'management' or containment, instead of as humans compatible for healing responses. The e-book attracts on basic study performed via the writer, together with interviews with key informants thinking about the sector in this interval, corresponding to former cupboard ministers, senior civil servants, campaigners and lecturers. In carrying out this research, the writer has built a style of study which mixes and synthesizes varied sorts of research to create a unique method of socio-historical examine.

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Criminology and psychiatry shared also a reliance on the positivist scientific method. In substantive terms, Goring’s research found evidence for close links between criminality and factors such as insanity, ‘feeble-mindedness’ and inebriety. 45 per cent of the general population. His use of concepts like ‘feeble-mindedness’ was significant in two respects. Firstly, as Garland (1985:81, 1997a:27) has shown, the early criminology at the turn of the twentieth century drew extensively on the recently emerged independent discipline of psychiatry, which had developed between the 1840s and the 1880s from the earlier specialisms of ‘alienism’ and ‘psychological medicine’.

Even the international literature is slim. Goffman (1961), for example, focuses primarily on the mental hospital rather than the prison in his investigation of the characteristics of total institutions. Scull (1977) too looks at the shared roles and functions of the mental health and penal systems in a modern capitalist state but does not look at mental health within the penal or prison system. This is partly the result of pragmatic issues of access in an era when prisons were still shrouded in secrecy.

Hence, the ‘sick’ model of female criminality legitimates special forms of treatment to normalise women into their ‘proper’ domestic roles (Sim, 1990; Smith, 1962). Thus, it is argued more broadly that women are subject to more pressures to conform throughout society (Heidensohn, 1996) and therefore the psychiatrisation of female criminality is simply the formal and severe end of a wider continuum. It is also a good example of what feminist criminologists have termed ‘double deviance’, in the sense that ‘special’ measures against female offenders are driven by a perceived double transgression, against the criminal law and against gender norms (Heidensohn, 2002:504).

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