By Ross Robert Olney
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Extra resources for The Shell auto care guide: tips on everything you need to know as a car owner and driver
Example text
Start of injection and fuel injection quantity are controlled by solenoid valves, a process that is much more precise than mechanical control. Size of injection An engine developing 75 kW (102 HP) and a specific fuel consumption of 200 g/kWh (full load) consumes 15 kg fuel per hour. On a 4-stroke 4-cylinder engine, the fuel is distributed by 288,000 injections at 2,400 revs per minute. This results in a fuel volume of approx. 60 mm3 per injection. By comparison, a raindrop has a volume of approximately 30 mm3.
5 (Figs. 2 and 3). From this, it can be deduced that optimized atomization (large numbers of very λ= Pure air Optimized fuel atomization is achieved by high injection pressures that range up to max. 2,200 bar for UIS. Common-rail systems (CRS) operate at an injection pressure of max. 1,800 bar. This results is a high relative velocity between the jet of fuel and the air in the cylinder which has the effect of scattering the fuel jet. With a view to reducing engine weight and cost, the aim is to obtain as much power as possible from a given engine capacity.
Losses caused by gas exchange are overcompensated at many operating points by the supercharger/turbocharger, resulting in a positive contribution to the work done. ηg: efficiency of cycle factor ηg specifies work done in the real high-pressure work process as a factor of the theoretical work of the Seiliger process. Deviations between the real and the ideal processes mainly result from use of a real working gas, the finite velocity of heat propagation and dissipation, the position of heat propagation, wall heat loss, and flow losses during the gas-exchange process.
