By Robert A. Wilson
"This is a clean, well-conceived assortment on essentially the most power difficulties within the philosophy of biology--the species challenge. in contrast to such a lot anthologies, yet like many species, it's cohesive and integrated." -- Robert N. Brandon, Professor of Philsophy and Zoology, Duke University
The thought of species has performed a important position in either evolutionary biology and the philosophy of biology, and has been the focal point of a couple of books lately. This ebook differs from different fresh collections in methods. it truly is extra explicitly integrative and analytical, centering on problems with normal value reminiscent of pluralism and realism approximately species. It additionally attracts on a broader diversity of disciplines and brings ignored cognitive, anthropological, and ancient dimensions to philosophical debates over species.
The chapters are equipped round 5 subject matters: team spirit, integration, and pluralism; species realism; historic dimensions; cognitive underpinnings; and useful import. The individuals contain renowned researchers from anthropology, botany, developmental psychology, the philosophy of biology and technology, protozoology, and zoology.
Contributors: Scott Atran, Richard Boyd, Kevin de Queiroz, John Dupré, Marc Ereshefsky, Paul E. Griffiths, David L. Hull, Frank C. Keil, Brent D. Mishler, David L. Nanney, Daniel C. Richardson, Kim Sterelny, Robet A. Wilson.
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Extra resources for Species. New Interdisciplinary Essays
Sample text
Obviously, not every organismfounds a . A natural idea is that every organism in lineage, unlessevery organismis to constitute a species any way genetically distinct from its parent should found a new lineage. Given, however, the possibility of the samepoint mutation occurring more than once, it could turn out that a set of genetically identical organismsmight constitute two or more distinct species. The proposal also leads to the surprising conclusion that the vast majority of speciesare asexual.
However, in the end, our differencesseem to be primarily terminological. If only Ghiselin and I had explicated our view in terms of sets, much of the controversy would have beenavoided. Insteadof talking about individuals and spatiotemporally " unrestricted classes , we should have distinguished historically connected " sets from those sets that are not historically connected(Kitcher 1984a, 314; 1987, 186; and 1989). The notion of a classis a "bastard notion that deserves no place in anybody' s ontology .
No two ways of classifying the world could be more different. On the structural similarity alternative, genesisis irrelevant. If two structures are similar enough, they are the samestructure. At some level, the vertebrate eye and the eye of the octopus are the same trait. On the historical alternative, genealogy can override similarity. The Eustachiantube in humansis the samecharacteras the spiracle in sharks. They are evolutionary homologies. The contrast is betweenhomoplasiesandhomologiesor, if you prefer, setsthat do not have to be spatiotemporally connected in any way ( homoplasies ) and sets that must be (homologies).
