By Luigi Manfrè (eds.)
This easy-to-consult consultant describes new minimally invasive systems for the therapy of spinal instability which are observed by means of fewer problems and side-effects, lessen the dangers of anesthesia, and reduce expenses. transparent money owed of various CT, X-ray, and MRI guided options are supplied, together with radiofrequency ablation in part syndrome, cervical backbone fusion, posterior and anterior lumbar backbone fusion, and lumbosacral fusion. a quick yet complete advent is incorporated on biomechanics, correct scientific syndromes, and diagnostic imaging. Like different books within the Springer sequence New tactics in Spinal Interventional Neuroradiology, this practice-oriented quantity will fill an important hole within the literature and meet the necessity expressed via numerous experts (interventional neuroradiologists and radiologists, neurosurgeons, and orthopedists) for a topical and convenient consultant that particularly illustrates the shortly to be had fabrics and methods.
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Patriarca, MD • M. it © Springer International Publishing Switzerland 2015 L. 1007/978-3-319-12901-3_3 49 50 A. Splendiani et al. , giving away phenomenon) has also been observed in some patients with lumbar instability. However, these clinical criteria have not been rigorously evaluated. Overall, the relationship between imaging instability and its symptoms is controversial. Pitkanen et al. found poor correlation between clinical signs of lumbar instability and abnormalities found on functional radiographs.
Springer, New York 31. Panjabi MM (1992) The stabilizing system of the spine. Part I. Function, dysfunction, adaptation and enhancement. J Spinal Disord 5:383–389 32. Pope MH, Panjabi M (1985) Biomechanical definitions of spinal instability. Spine 10:255–256 33. Akkerveeken PE, O’Brien JP, Parl WM (1979) Experimentally induced hypermobility in the lumbar spine: a pathologic and radiologic study of the posterior ligament and annulus fibrosus. Spine 4:236–241 34. Abumi K, Panjabi MM, Kramer KM et al (1990) Biomechanical evaluation of lumbar spinal stability after graded facetectomies.
17), finding reported similarly in AL-MRI studies [11]. Other interesting findings are the disc and facets hypermobility, often demonstrated by the disappearing of vacuum (“vacuum sign”) (Fig. 18), and the further facets underslipping with the impact of the inferior articular facets (usually of L4) on the underlying isthmus (usually of L5) (Fig. 2). Finally AL-CT (and myelo-AL-CT) studies seem the best way to evaluate the instrumented spine [7, 13, 15] especially when a mechanical failure of the device is suspected (Figs.
