By Alexander King
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Extra resources for The State of the Planet. A Report Prepared for the International Federation of Institutes for Advanced Study (IFIAS), Stockholm
Example text
T r a d e , C o m modities, Capital Flows. T h e United Nations Association of the U S A . New York, 1978. creased credits from Western in- commercial to c o m m e r c i a l b a n k s a n d the capacity of borr o w e r s t o service a n d u l t i m a t e l y r e p a y t h a t d e b t was an inevitable result of the massive changes in e x t e r n a l f i n a n c i a l flows s i n c e 1974. It is c o n v e n i e n t to according separate to their international dimensions of t i m e . T h e s e r e l a t e t o f i n a n c i n g for s h o r t - t e r m balance-of-payments shortfalls, for inter- mediate-term financing of balance-of-payments adjustment, and for long-term financing of economic development.
4 % greater t h a n in 1970 a n d w a s m o r e t h a n t h e a v e r a g e for five p r e c e d i n g y e a r s b y 5 . 7 % . T h e average increase over the three years, 1971-3, i n c l u d i n g t h e d e c r e a s e in 1972, w a s 5 4 . e. m o r e t h a n d o u b l e t h e i n c r e a s e ind i c a t e d b y F A O as n e c e s s a r y t o c o m p e n s a t e for t h e g r e a t e r d e m a n d for c o n s u m p t i o n . T h e I F I A S s t u d y c o n c l u d e s t h a t t h e f l u c t u a t i o n s in t h e i n t e r n a t i o n a l g r a i n t r a d e a n d , in p a r t i c u l a r , t h e p r i c e v a r i a t i o n s , d u r i n g t h e p e r i o d 1972-5, d o n o t reflect a deficit in f o o d p r o d u c t i o n , n o r c h a n g e s in t h e f o o d r e q u i r e m e n t s o f t h e developing countries.
A l t h o u g h t h e r e is a n e w c o n c e r n w i t h t h e social s c i e n c e s , o r at least a r e a l i z a t i o n t h a t t h e social a s p e c t s o f p r o b l e m s m u s t b e c o n s i d e r e d at t h e s a m e t i m e as t h e t e c h n i c a l a s p e c t , t h e i r r e s o u r c e s u p p o r t is o f t e n m a r g i n a l . T h e exigencies of the times d e m a n d a reversal o f t h i s , n o t o n l y b y t h e i n c l u s i o n o f t h e social sciences in n a t i o n a l p o l i c i e s , b u t in d e v i s i n g a m o r e d y n a m i c a n d flexible a p p r o a c h t o intellect u a l a c t i v i t y a s a w h o l e .
