By Robert Elias
The Nineteen Eighties observed professional crime coverage within the usa transferring its concentration from crime and criminals to victimization and sufferers. during this thought-provoking ebook, Robert Elias evaluates the effectiveness of this shift in coverage and argues that sufferers were politically manipulated for legit objectives.
From an intensive exam of sufferer laws, get-tough crime rules, media crime insurance, the sufferer circulate, and the wars on crime and medicine, Elias concludes that little sufferer help has truly happened and that victimization is, in reality, escalating. He argues for a metamorphosis within the structural resources of crime and proposes a `new tradition' which can result in considerably much less crime.
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Extra resources for Victims Still: The Political Manipulation of Crime Victims
Example text
N. Economic and Social Council's Inter national Penal and Penitentiary Foundation (Bassiouni, 1985; DeCataldo Neuberger, 1985). N. N. rights covenants on women, workers, torture victims, and others (Danielus, 1986). N. Draft Code on Transnational Corporations (Lamborn, 1987a). It quite likely encom passes regional human rights protections—such as from Europe, North America, and South America—and even nongovernmental declarations such as the Algiers Universal Declaration of the Rights of Peoples (Falk, 1981) and the International Tribunal on Crimes Against Women (Russell & Van Den Ven, 1984).
Little has been carried out by national programs, which have instead provided guidelines, funding, and requirements for local practice, including priority for groups such as children, the elderly, and victims of sexual assault and domestic violence. National laws purportedly let the states set their own standards, yet many programs impose federal requirements anyway. VOCA funding for compen sation has forced states to expand their medical coverage, maximum awards, and nonresident eligibilities and to reduce minimum awards or deductibles and limits on family violence and drunk driving claimants.
Only "tort reform," which limits corporate liability for victimization, provides laws that help offenders, although obviously not those who are stressed by standard law enforcement. Funding Victim programs have been funded less and less through general revenues: Only 16 states now do so. Some alternative sources are earmarked to fund par ticular programs, such as marriage license fees for domestic violence shelters; other sources are distributed more evenly. Some resources come from offenders as a fixed or variable assessment for each crime; a criminal fine surcharge; a driver's license reinstatement fee; literary profits from crime stories; forfeited crime assets; recovered racket eering damages; and wages earned in prison, on work release, or while on parole.
