By Robert K. Tyson

This SPIE Field Guide offers a precis of the tools for picking the necessities of an adaptive optics approach, the functionality of the process, and the necessities for the parts of the process. the various expressions are within the type of integrals, during which case the authors express the consequences graphically for numerous sensible values. This moment version has a vastly improved presentation of adaptive optics keep an eye on method layout and operation. Discussions of keep an eye on versions are followed by means of numerous techniques for imposing the algorithms in undefined.

Table of Contents
Introduction
Modeling the impression of Atmospheric
Turbulence
Beam Propagation
Wavefront Sensors
Deformable Mirrors
keep an eye on and Reconstruction

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Additional resources for Field Guide to Adaptive Optics, 2nd Ed

Sample text

36 Deformable Mirrors Laser Beam Quality Beam quality is generally identified by the symbol M 2 , and the ISO standard defines it relative to the beam parameter product, which is the product of the beam radius measured at the beam waist and the beam divergence half-angle. Beam quality is then the actual beam parameter product divided by the beam parameter product for a diffraction-limited Gaussian beam of the same wavelength. With these definitions, M 2 is given as M 2 = θd π w0 λ where w0 is the beam radius at the beam waist and θd is the half-angle beam divergence.

Field Guide to Adaptive Optics, 2nd Ed. Deformable Mirrors 27 Photodiodes Photodiodes are p–n junctions and have a response time that is a combination of drift time, diffusion time and resistor–capacitor (RC) time. The drift time is the time required to collect carriers in the depletion region, the diffusion time is the time required for collection of carriers in the undepleted bulk region, and the RC time is the response time due to the equivalent RC circuit. Photodiodes can be operated in either photovoltaic or photoconductive mode.

For example, sensor noise is often a function of integration time of the wavefront sensor, which is an important contributor to the closed-loop bandwidth and the temporal error. Hindsight is 20/20. If the Hubble Space Telescope had had an adaptive optics system on board, it would not have been necessary to correct the primary mirror aberration with a NASA-termed “emergency-servicing” mission. Field Guide to Adaptive Optics, 2nd Ed. 20 Beam Propagation Modal and Zonal Fitting Error When a typical deformable mirror cannot exactly fit the spatial structure of stochastic atmospheric turbulence, modes are used and applied to the deformable mirror, causing the residual wavefront error to be reduced.

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