By Roger Balian, Dirk Haar, John F. Gregg
This well known, usually stated textual content returns in a softcover variation to supply a radical advent to statistical physics and thermodynamics, and to express the common chain of rules prime from the legislation of microphysics to the macroscopic behaviour of matter.
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Extra info for From microphysics to macrophysics : methods and applications of statistical physics
Example text
Mechanical work, and electrical work are equivalent in thai a given energy input, in any form. can be made to produce the same internal energy increase in a systsm, there is an equally important difference among the various energy forms. To see this, suppose that the internal energy of some systeni (perhaps the water i n the experiments just considered) has been increased by increasing its temperature f r o ~ nTI t? a higher temperature Tz, and w e now wish to recover the added energy by returning the system to its initial state at temperature TI.
The specjfication of any two state-variables may not be sufficient to fix the thermodynaniic stale of the system. To be specific, the internal energy of the ideal gas is a function only of its temperature, and not of its pressure or density. Thus, the specification of the internal energy and temperature of an ideal gas contains no more inTormation than specifying only its-temperature and therefore is insufficient to determine its pressure. ~ i m i l a r l if ~ ,a liquid is incompressible, its molar volume will depend on temperature but not on the pressure exerred on it.
And other variables introduced in the, following chapters. Clearly, from the previous discussion, the value of any srate variable depeilds only on [he equilibrium state of ihe system, not on the path by which the equilibrium state was reached. With the distinction now made between intensive and extensive variables, it is possible to rephrase the requirement for the complete specification of a thermodynamic state in a more coherent manner. The experimental observation is that the specification of two state variables uniquely determines the values of alkother state variables of an equilibrium, single-component, single-phase system.
