By Richard E. Sonntag, Gordon J. Van Wylen Claus Borgnakke

Now in its 7th version, basics of Thermodynamics keeps to provide a finished and rigorous therapy of classical thermodynamics, whereas keeping an engineering viewpoint. With concise, applications-oriented dialogue of issues and self-test difficulties the textual content encourages scholars to watch their very own comprehension. The 7th version is up to date with extra examples, homework difficulties, and illustrations to extend scholar understanding.The textual content lays the basis for next reports in fields similar to fluid mechanics, warmth move and statistical thermodynamics, and prepares scholars to successfully practice thermodynamics within the perform of engineering.

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6. Let heat be transferred to H2 O. During this process the temperature of the liquid and vapor (steam) will increase, and eventually all the liquid will become vapor. From the macroscopic point of view, we are concerned only with the energy that is transferred as heat, the change in properties such as temperature and pressure, and the total amount of energy (relative to some base) that the H2 O contains at any instant. Thus, questions about how energy is stored in the H2 O do not concern us. From a microscopic viewpoint, we are concerned about the way in which energy is stored in the molecules.

We are aware of temperature first of all as a sense of hotness or coldness when we touch an object. We also learn early that when a hot body and a cold body are brought into contact, the hot body becomes cooler and the cold body becomes warmer. If these bodies remain in contact for 2nd Confirmation Pages 6:45 P1: KUF/OVY GTBL057-02 P2: OSO/OVY QC: SCF/OVY T1: SCF GTBL057-Borgnakke-v7 May 20, 2008 TEMPERATURE SCALES 31 some time, they usually appear to have the same hotness or coldness. However, we also realize that our sense of hotness or coldness is very unreliable.

Solution The manometer measures the gauge pressure as a pressure difference. From Eq. 5 in. × × 3 s 1728 in. 2 To get the absolute pressure inside the vessel, we have PA = Pvessel = P0 = P + Patm 2nd Confirmation Pages 6:45 P1: KUF/OVY GTBL057-02 P2: OSO/OVY QC: SCF/OVY T1: SCF GTBL057-Borgnakke-v7 May 20, 2008 PRESSURE 29 We need to know the atmospheric pressure measured by a barometer (absolute pressure). 5 in. Hg. 5-m-tall storage tank of fluid at 25◦ C shown in Fig. 15? Assume that the fluid is gasoline with atmospheric pressure 101 kPa on the top surface.

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