By Wilfred E. BAKERᾠand Ming Jun Tang (Eds.)
Destructive unintended explosions are a continuing chance to undefined. different types for such explosions comprise flamable dirt explosions; reactive fuel explosions, either restrained and unconfined; hybrid explosions regarding either gases and dusts; bursts of strain vessels and piping; and liquid propellant explosions. This publication evaluates the actual strategies and ensuing blast results for most of these explosions. distinct recognition is given to reactive fuel explosions, either restrained and unconfined. This latter type of explosion has happened all too usually in refineries and petrochemical complexes, and can be some of the most tough to foretell and review. a lot fresh paintings in this subject is reviewed and summarized. this can be the one book of its sort, to this point, that provides this sort of thorough assurance of those varieties of business explosions. [p] every one classification of explosion resource is reviewed individually, first discussing basics, then featuring tools of study and trying out, and eventually giving curves or equations to foretell results of the actual classification of explosion. an intensive bibliography is incorporated including tables of pertinent homes of explosive fabrics. The ebook is meant for researchers within the box of characterizing and mitigating business explosions. it is going to even be of curiosity to engineers, scientists, and insurers eager about approaches
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Extra resources for Gas, Dust and Hybrid Explosions
Example text
Fig. 2-17. The Nordtest apparatus for the measurement of minimum ignition energy of dust layers [Eckhoff (1987)]. In estimating or predicting maximum energy which can be released in a dust explosion, one should know the heat of combustion of the dust. this property i s almost never reported for combustible Unfortunately, dusts in the dust explosion literature, but instead i s given only in references on properties of fuels which can be burned in power plants or heating furnaces. Standard oxygen bomb calorimeters are readily available to make such measurements (Figs.
2-12. Experimental cylindrical 236 cubic meter steel s i l o at Sotra, outside Bergen, Norway. 25 that maxima for vented pressures measured during tests in these s i l o s are quite dependent on method of dust injection, as well as ignition source location. (Please note that this does not prove a failure of scaling, but instead shows dependence on more exact replication of a l l important scaled parameters. Our final example of dust explosion testing in a relatively large chamber is reported by Pineau (1984).
Twenty ignition t r i a l s are then performed at each of a series of successively increasing or decreasing spark energies to determine the frequency of ignition at each energy. Ignition i s defined as such 29 when the complete sample layer ignites and burns. energy i s plotted on a graph. E. in Frequency of ignition versus (the minimum ignition energy) i s defined to l i e between the highest energy-value that did not produce any ignitions, and the lowest energy-value that produced at least one ignition in 20 t r i a l s .
