By Ole Bruun, Michael Jacobsen

The Asian problem to the universality of human rights has sparked off severe debate. This quantity takes a transparent stand for common rights, either theoretically and empirically, by way of analysing social and political techniques in a couple of East and Southeast Asian nations. at the nationwide arenas, Asian values are associated with the fight among authoritarian and democratic forces, which either are likely to express stereotyped pictures of the 'west', yet with reversed meanings.

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This makes the West seem most peculiar and inimitable. 6 Those who imagine human rights as a product of the Christian West might recall that Christianity was born in Asia. Of course, in the ‘West’, despite a language of rights and individualism, national pride obscures deep histories of rights denial. Hypocrisy and inhumanity are rife in the real world of politics. The United States 28 HUMAN RIGHTS AND ASIAN VALUES Constitution that went into effect in 1789, thus establishing institutions of political democracy, also legalized slavery.

The West’ is not sufficiently aware of its cultural presuppositions to explain itself clearly. The Western discourse on rights often detours serious discussions on human rights. It is full of arrogant and ignorant claims about the individual. Historically, after all, it is groups that have been excluded. This is in no way to suggest that there is something wrong with the notion of protecting individual human rights. In order to protect all groups, one must protect each member. Even when it is a community that is discriminated against, it is particular people who are jailed, tortured and murdered.

18, 1995, p. 50. Edward Friedman, ‘Asia as a Fount of Human Rights Universalism’. 2 Universal Rights and Particular Cultures Michael Freeman The idea of universal human rights is rooted in the Stoic, natural-law philosophy which held that all human beings belonged to two cities: the local community in which they carried on their everyday lives, and the human community of which they were members by virtue of their humanity. Both these cities gave rise to ethical relations. This philosophy was transferred into the mainstream of Western civilization by Christianity, which has taught that the status of all human beings as children of God is ethically more fundamental than their status as members of particular nations.

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