By R. M. Sundrum

It is a significant e-book in a key zone of improvement economics. It supplies a finished survey of the hyperlink among source of revenue distribution and the expansion of nationwide source of revenue, bringing out significant styles and traits, and concluding that there's nonetheless significant scope for progress with fairness in LDCs.

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In particular, this has led to excessive resort to studies based on international cross-section data, with all their well-known statistical and conceptual problems. Given the data that are already being collected, it is a relatively simple matter to improve them, simply by classifying income-receiving units by the required socioeconomic variables, in addition to variables such as age, urban and rural location, and educational qualifications, which is already being done by many countries (for further discussion of the need for such data, see Kuznets 1976:93–4).

7) 47 Income distribution in less developed countries where ρ(y, ry) is the correlation between the y values and their ranks, and ρ(y, rx) is the correlation between the y values and the ranks of the corresponding x values. It follows that, if y is a monotonically increasing function of x, the concentration index of y will be equal to its Gini index, and it will be equal to its Gini index but opposite in sign if y is a monotonically decreasing function of x. In other cases, the absolute value of Cy will be less than Gy (for proofs, see Kakwani 1980:174).

Therefore for comparison with other countries, the income data have been adjusted to fit with the consumption data (for details, see Rao 1984:115). In principle, the difference between the two concepts is savings. As the upper-income groups usually save a larger proportion of their incomes, the distribution of consumption will generally be more equal than the distribution of income. However, in practice, even in the case of consumption expenditures, the collection of data in LDCs is a laborious process.

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