By David Williams

In Japan: past the top of heritage , David Williams examines Japan's importance, either actually and in thought, for the Western traditions of political philosophy and practice--from Adam Smith and Hegel to the French deconstructionists and ultra-modern ''end of history'' theorists. He covers concerns starting from the commercial coverage of the founders of the Meiji nation to George Bush's ill-fated ''Tokyo primary'' and the beginning of the Clinton presidency.

The booklet examines Francis Fukuyama's well-known argument that with the cave in of Soviet communism, the one doable approach on humanity's horizon is liberal democratic capitalism within the Anglo-American mildew. this implies that East Asian mercantilism, state-led and sometimes authoritarian, is doomed. Williams considers another conception: that Japanese-style nationalist improvement deals a much better problem to Western idea and values than the fallen platforms of jap Europe ever represented.

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The Japanese drive to dominate the markets in consumer-friendly technologies has encouraged the rest of the world to suspect the facile equation of the scientific with the technological. It is the Japanese example that has highlighted the apparent paradox that a nation may have strong foundations in basic science (including a bevy of Nobel Prize-winning scientists) and still fall victim to an ever-deepening dependence on imports of technology, as may be seen in the case of Britain. At the same time, growing Japanese supremacy in high-tech markets also casts doubt on the classic Western divide between disinterested basic research, often left to the university, and profitable product development, the work of the venture-capitalist.

Nor does it contribute to any widespread denial of the bureaucracy’s role in defining these goals nor to its indispensable role in their achievement. 6 Thus many Japanese vote for the ruling Liberal Democratic Party, even more concede the pivotal leadership role of the bureaucracy, and perhaps still more take pride in the competitive feats of Japan’s corporate elite. 7 Why might this be so? First, there is the unapproachable character of the higher central bureaucracy. 8 Japanese bureaucrats are the spiritual heirs not only to the samurai-administrators who ran Tokugawa Japan, but also to the Confucian tradition of the mandarin gentleman.

The globalization of the Japanese economy has eroded some of the privileges of the public sector but not as much as foreign commentators have tended to assume. Even the drive to liberalize the Japanese economy has of necessity been orchestrated by the post-war establishment. Why the centre holds 29 CENTRE VERSUS PERIPHERY The post-war tripartite alliance of the Japanese bureaucracy, the ruling Liberal Democratic Party and the best-established of large businesses embodies the ‘centre’ of Japanese politics, the pivot of the state and society.

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