By Renske Doorenspleet, Lia Nijzink (eds.)
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25 Are we too impatient? Will the democratizing force of elections only reveal itself in the future? Barkan (2000: 241) already cautioned that Africa’s ‘protracted transitions’ could take one or two decades. Lindberg (2012: 247) echoes this with his reminder that ‘transitions to democracy often take a generation or more’. So should donors continue to provide aid and support for elections in developing countries in the hope that one day this will pay a democratic dividend, even if these elections are organized by authoritarian regimes?
12. 13. 17 literature on the formation of European party systems (Lipset and Rokkan 1967) and more recently, it has also been used in accounts of party system development in new democracies, but the relevance and validity of such efforts can be questioned. As will become clear in Chapter 6, Ghana is an important exception in this regard. One of the reasons to favour Sartori’s party system typology is that it enables comparisons between party systems in Africa and elsewhere, and Erdmann and Basedau argue that one needs to refrain from using definitions and criteria that can only be applied to party systems on the continent.
M. Chirwa and L. ) Accountable Government in Africa: Perspectives from Public Law and Political Studies (New York, Cape Town: United Nations University Press, UCT Press), pp. 200–215. C. Manning (2005) ‘Assessing African Party Systems after the Third Wave’, Party Politics 11 (6), 707–727. S. R. Scarritt (2005) ‘The Puzzle of African Party Systems’, Party Politics 11 (4), 399–421. A. O’Donnell (2001) ‘Democracy, Law, and Comparative Politics’, Studies in Comparative International Development 36 (1), 7–36.
