By Georg Job, Regina Rüffler, Robin Fuchs, Hans U. Fuchs
Learning the fundamentals of actual chemistry with a different, leading edge approach. Georg activity and Regina Rueffler introduce readers to a nearly intuitive realizing of the 2 primary innovations, chemical power and entropy. heading off advanced arithmetic, those recommendations are illustrated with the aid of a number of demonstration experiments. utilizing those suggestions, the themes of chemical equilibria, kinetics and electrochemistry are awarded at an undergraduate point. the fundamental amounts and equations precious for the qualitative and quantitative description of chemical alterations are brought by utilizing daily reports and especially multiple hundred illustrative experiments, many provided on-line as video clips. those are in flip supplemented via approximately four hundred figures, and by means of studying pursuits for every bankruptcy. From a evaluate of the German version: “This e-book is the main progressive textbook on actual chemistry that has been released within the previous few decades.”
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Extra info for Physical Chemistry from a Different Angle: Introducing Chemical Equilibrium, Kinetics and Electrochemistry by Numerous Experiments
Example text
The figure shows the interaction of force and distance from the perspective of the person performing the work. The force being applied by him in the x-direction is positive for the example on the left: Fx ¼ F; on the right, it is negative: Fx ¼ ÀF. Correspondingly, the work W ¼ Fx Á Δx done by the person in the figure is positive on the left and negative on the right. Seen from the car being pulled, all the forces and work have the opposite algebraic signs. The unit for work is the Joule (J), named for the British beer brewer and private scholar James Prescott Joule, who lived in Manchester, England, in the nineteenth century.
14), the basic stoichiometric equations. These equations allow us to calculate the change of amount of a substance C from the change of amount of a substance A. For example, knowing the consumption of an acid in titration ΔnA, we can calculate the original amount of a base ΔnB, or knowing the amount of a precipitate ΔnP, we can find the amount of the substance ΔnS which was precipitated out from the initial solution. Here, the conversion numbers are to be taken from the neutralizing or the precipitation reaction, respectively.
When referring to the concentration in chemistry one usually means the quantity c. Sometimes the mass concentration β is used that can be calculated from the quotient of substance mass mB and volume V of solution: βB ¼ Á mB À SI unit: kg mÀ3 : V ð1:10Þ The disadvantage of these two easily accessible concentrations is that they are both temperature and pressure dependent. This is due to corresponding changes of total volume and can be avoided if the mass of the solvent is used instead. 1, the relations for converting the individual measures of composition have been compiled using molar mass M and density ρ.
