By Emil Wolf

The Progress in Optics sequence comprises greater than three hundred evaluate articles via special examine employees, that have develop into everlasting files for lots of very important advancements, supporting optical scientists and optical engineers remain abreast in their fields.

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2002). In GaAs-based LEDs, the high refractive index leads to a low critical angle and only a small fraction of the emitted photons escape the front surface. To enhance by a factor of 10 the efficiency with which the photons are collected from an electrically driven single InAs/GaAs quantum dot, Bennett et al. (2005a) used a planar semiconductor cavity. The device structure is shown in Figure 8. 02As Bragg mirror and a three-wavelength GaAs cavity with a low-density layer of InAs quantum dots positioned one wavelength from the Bragg mirror.

2010). 13 and an overall efficiency Quantum State Engineering 33 around 34% were reported by Heindel et al. (2010). 49P QDs. Nowak et al. (2014) described a micropillar connected to a 25 Â 25 μm2 wide frame through one-dimensional wires. Combining with a diode structure, they demonstrated a deterministic and electrically tunable singlephoton source with an extraction efficiency around 53%. However, the device worked at cryogenic temperatures. The use of a quantum dot embedded in a photonic nanowire and electrically pumped was discussed, claiming that output efficiencies of more than 80% could be achieved (Gregersen, Nielsen, Mørk, Claudon, & Ge´rard, 2010).

If the absorption frequency of a molecule can be changed in some way, for a period of time T, the absorption frequency of the molecule can be set in resonance with a driving continuous wave (cw) laser field. After a time interval T, the absorption frequency of the molecule is changed, in such a way that the emitter is far from resonance, namely the molecule effectively does not interact with the laser field. If T is not too long and not too short compared with the lifetime of the excited state and other parameters of the laser field, a set of control parameters may be designed to generate a few photons.

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