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The system of affixing is considerably more complex in Russian, and in most languages, than in English. (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) Viktor celuet Lenu. Viktor Lenu celuet. Lenu Viktor celuet. Lenu celuet Viktor. celuet Viktor Lenu. celuet Lenu Viktor. Turkish is similar to Russian in that it primarily uses affixes, rather than word order, to signal meaning but differs in other respects. Turkish is a language in which speakers can combine different elementary meanings into very long words. For example, gel means come, gelemedim means I couldn’t come, and gelemeyeceklermis means something like [It was mentioned that] Those people won’t be able to come in Turkish.

Morphology American Sign Language has a rich morphological system that signals various grammatical distinctions. For instance, the distinction between first and second person is marked on a sign such as ask. When the utterance is in the first person (ask me), the movement of the sign is toward the signer, whereas when it is in the second person (ask you), the movement is away from the signer and toward the addressee. In addition to person, ASL marks number, aspect, and reciprocity (Poizner, Klima, & Bellugi, 1987).

Chomsky’s answer pertains to language acquisition in children. He suggests that the child learning a language is presented with samples of the language and must determine the grammar from these samples. Chomsky notes, however, that even though the incoming data may be consistent with any number of grammars, children choose one particular grammar. This implies that certain innate language constraints enable the child to deduce the correct grammar. These innate language mechanisms would presumably be related to linguistic universals common to all languages.

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