By Philip Kitcher, Wesley C. Salmon
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Additional resources for Scientific Explanation
Sample text
In his well-known book Fact, Fiction, and Forecast (1955), Nelson Goodman poses what he calls "the new riddle of induction" in terms of two predicates, "grue" and "bleen," that he constructs for that purpose. Select quite arbitrarily some future time t (say the beginning of the twenty-first century). "The predicate 'grue' applies to all things examined before t just in case they are green but to other things just in case they are blue" (1955, 74). "Bleen" applies to things examined before t just in case they are blue but to other things just in case they are green (1955, 79).
Means that within the whole domain over which x ranges there is at least one object such that. . Such statements have generality without being universal. The question remains whether universality is a necessary requirement for explanatory theories, or whether generality is sufficient. As we shall see in connection with the next set of formal definitions, Hempel and Oppenheim are willing to settle for the latter alternative. We have finally arrived at the stage at which Hempel and Oppenheim offer their formal explication of scientific explanation.
It will do so under a wide range of outdoor temperatures, wind velocities, conditions of precipitation, etc. The human body also is capable of maintaining an internal body temperature within a narrow normal range under a wide variety of external circumstances. In some cases, such as the homing torpedo and the heat-pump, we can give a full causal account of the apparently purposeful behavior. In an influential article, Rosenblueth, Wiener, and Bigelow (1943) gave a cybernetic explanation of the behavior of the homing torpedo in terms of negative feedback, and they suggested that the apparently goal-directed behavior of animals can be understood in similar terms.
