By David E. Newton
From alcohol and tobacco to marijuana, cocaine, and heroin, Substance Abuse: A Reference guide presents readers with a whole evaluation of criminal and illicit drug use. Tracing the background of substance abuse all through a lot of human heritage, the guide presents clinical information clarifying how quite a few kinds of addictive elements function in the human method, either bodily and psychologically. It additionally records the ways that quite a few cultures—including modern day America—have attempted to regulate using those components, and the implications of these efforts.Containing chronological and biographical sketches, lists of agencies, primary files and knowledge, and an entire annotated bibliography, Substance Abuse allows scholars to proceed their very own study.
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Extra resources for Substance Abuse: A Reference Handbook (Contemporary World Issues)
Example text
In fact, the mechanism(s) by which some drugs affect mental and physical behavior is still largely a mystery. The case of lysergic diethylamide (LSD) is a case in point. For some time, scientists have known that LSD has a chemical structure similar to that of the neurotransmitter serotonin. Serotonin itself is a bit of a puzzle for neuroscientists because there are so few cells that produce the chemical in the brain (only a few thousand), but its influence is widespread, with each serotonergic (serotonin-making) cell activating at least 500,000 other neurons (Frederickson 2002).
Php#Note2. Accessed on September 21, 2009. , Allen Frances, and Harold Alan Pincus (2004). DSM-IVTR Guidebook. : American Psychiatric Association. 32 Background and History Frederickson, Anne (2002). html. Accessed on September 17, 2009. Fryer, Roland, Paul S. Heaton, Steven D. Levitt, and Kevin M. Murphy (2005). ’’ NBER Working Paper No. W11318. com/abstract=720405. pdf. Accessed on September 21, 2009. Gahlinger, Paul (2004) Illegal Drugs: A Complete Guide to Their History, Chemistry, Use and Abuse.
A number of studies have been conducted to answer this question. One of the best known of these studies was prepared by the Office of the Surgeon General of the United States in 2000. Among its many objectives, that report attempted to identify substance abuse programs that were and were not effective. It classified a number of programs as ‘‘model programs,’’ because there was sound scientific evidence that the programs significantly reduced the likelihood that participants would become involved in substance abuse; as ‘‘promising,’’ because they showed evidence of achieving this goal; and as ‘‘does not work,’’ because available evidence did not support the goal of reducing substance abuse and, in some cases, actually increased the likelihood that participants would become involved Substance Abuse Prevention 39 in substance abuse (Youth Violence: A Report of the Surgeon General 2001, 102–109).
