By Lionel S. Marks

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If the working substance in the cylinder followed the laws of a perfect gas pv = RT Cv = and constant the combustion were instantaneous and complete, the efficiency of the cycle would be equal to and if -*-' (1) where r is the compression ratio. It is here assumed further that the cycle takes place without any heat exchange between The efficiency so found is the working charge and the cylinder. the highest possible efficiency for an engine operating on the Otto cycle and could be attained only under the conditions stated above.

Aut. , 1914. ENGINE EFFICIENCIES AND CAPACITIES 35 with strength of mixture. The comis not, however, complete, since parison given by the same compression ratio was used for all three fuels. With efficiency of these fuels these curves possible to increase the compression pressure conwithout danger of preignition and without producing siderably excessive explosive pressures; with benzol the compression ratio can similarly be increased slightly. The efficiency with alcohol could probably be raised to at least 35 per cent by the use of a alcohol it is higher compression ratio.

P. of 123 Ib. 32. , in. 063 Ib. m. The inertia forces, Pa calculated from the preceding equation, are plotted as curve The algebraic sum of gas pressures A and inertia B, Fig. 31. , pressures B is shown by the resultant pressure curve C. THE AIRPLANE ENGINE 42 TABLE INERTIA FACTORS 1. I 2 cos a l* . \ 2 -2~ sm a ) Crank angle, degrees ENGINE DYNAMICS The 43 resultant pressure, P, curve C, acts along the axis of the The force acting along the connecting rod, Fig. 32, cylinder. is Ps = P The component acting crankpin cos -r- &.

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