By Lance Hill
In 1964 a small staff of African American males in Jonesboro, Louisiana, defied the nonviolence coverage of the mainstream civil rights move and shaped an armed self-defense organization--the Deacons for protection and Justice--to shield circulation employees from vigilante and police violence. With their greatest and most famed bankruptcy on the heart of a bloody crusade within the Ku Klux Klan stronghold of Bogalusa, Louisiana, the Deacons grew to become a well-liked image of the transforming into frustration with Martin Luther King Jr.'s nonviolent method and a rallying element for a militant working-class circulate within the South.Lance Hill bargains the 1st specific historical past of the Deacons for cover and Justice, who grew to a number of hundred participants and twenty-one chapters within the Deep South and led the most winning neighborhood campaigns within the civil rights circulation. In his research of this crucial but long-overlooked association, Hill demanding situations what he calls "the delusion of nonviolence"--the concept that a united civil rights circulate accomplished its objectives via nonviolent direct motion led via middle-class and non secular leaders. against this, Hill constructs a compelling old narrative of a working-class armed self-defense move that rejected the entrenched nonviolent management and performed an important position in compelling the government to neutralize the Klan and uphold civil rights and liberties.
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Extra resources for The Deacons for Defense: Armed Resistance and the Civil Rights Movement
Sample text
The guards knew that a show of weapons would discourage Klan violence. So the night brought the moon, the stars, and the guns. Guns posed a dilemma for core from the very beginning. The defense group had no difficulty in accepting core’s right to determine its own nonviolent strategy and, on the whole, thought it an effective one. But its members were not prepared to abdicate their responsibility to defend their community. They were unwilling to extend nonviolence to all aspects of the black freedom movement, particularly in the center of a Klan stronghold.
African American men stayed off the picket lines for good reason: the physical and emotional risks that black men assumed when they joined a nonviolent protest far outweighed what black women and children suffered. In the moving short documentary Panola by Ed Pincus, the film’s subject, an African American man named Panola from Natchez, ends the film with a stunning soliloquy in his one-room shack. ’’ Bound by notions of masculine honor, black men had much more to lose than women and children: what was at stake was their pride, manhood, and, very likely, their life.
Core quickly discovered that the black men of Jonesboro were unwilling to endure the humiliation attending these restrictions. ‘‘There was too much pride to do that,’’ said Patterson. Nonviolence required black men to passively endure humiliation and physical abuse—a bitter elixir for a group struggling to overcome the southern white stereotype of black men as servile and cowardly. ≥Ω Nonviolence also demanded that black men forego their right to defend family members who joined nonviolent protests.
