By A. El-Agraa
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Extra resources for The European Union Illuminated: Its Nature, Importance and Future
Example text
The EAC and the COMESA, in the May 1997 Memorandum of Understanding, agreed to become a CU. The SADC is the follower of the Southern African Development Cooperation Council (SADCC), created in 1980. Its membership comprises 15 nations: Angola, Botswana (since 1997), the Democratic Republic of the Congo, Lesotho, Madagascar (reinstated in 2014), Malawi, Mauritius (since 1995), Mozambique, Namibia (since independence in 1990), the Seychelles (was a member during 1997–2004 and rejoined in 2008), the Republic of South Africa (sine 1994), Swaziland, Tanzania, Zambia and Zimbabwe.
It aim is to guarantee cooperation with similar regional institutions, participate in the ‘enrichment of the international dialogue, reinforce the independence of its member states and safeguard their assets’. Within these wide terms, it aspired to become a CU before the end of 1995, a CM by 2000 and to achieve eventual political unity. Yet it is inactive, if not completely frozen, due to a deep rift between Algeria and Morocco over the Western Sahara. The CEN-SAD was established in 1998, following a conference of political leaders in Tripoli, Libya, by Burkina Faso, Chad, Libya, Mali, Niger and Sudan.
In the nineteenth century, Pierre-Joseph Proudhon was strongly in favour of the formation of a European Federation and predicted that the twentieth century would witness an era of federations, forecasting disaster in the absence of such a development. Immediately after the First World War, politicians began to give serious consideration to the concept of European unity. 2 And on 5 September 1929, in a renowned speech, delivered to the League of Nations Assembly in Geneva, French foreign minister Aristide Briand, with the backing of his German counterpart, Gustav Stresemann, proposed the creation of a European Union within the framework of the League of Nations, and reiterated this later, when he was prime minister, by declaring that part of his political manifesto was the building of a United States of Europe.
