By Mike Stubblefield
HAYNES #10425 (1480) TECHBOOK FOR automobile HEATING & AIR. * procedure upkeep * TROUBLESHOOTING * fix & specifications
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Additional info for Automotive Heating & Air Conditioning Systems Manual (Haynes Manuals)
Example text
Switching the compressor off and on can be used to prevent excessively high or low system operating pressures, respectively, to prevent the system from overcooling the vehicle interior, and t o protect the compressor itself from damage caused by extreme operating conditions. And on systems with a cycling compressor, the compressor can be switched on and off to control the refrigerant flow. The most commonly used compressor controls are the: Low-pressure cut-out switch System components High pressure cut-out switch Trinary switch Ambient temperature switch Pressure-sensing (cycling) switch (orifice tube type systems) Thermal fuse/superheat switch Thermostatic switch Compressor crankcase pressure control valve (variable displacement compressors) Various other compressor controls may be used, particularly on modern vehicles with engine management systems, on which the compressor clutch is often controlled by the engine management system electronic control unit (ECU) or powertrain control module (PCM).
The high-side and low-side service fittings on an R-134a system are completely different from those used on an R-12 system. On an R-12 system, the high-side service fitting is a 318-inch 24 for screw-on couplers; the low-side fitting is a 7116-inch 20 (also known as a 114-inch flare fitting). On an R-134a system, the high-side and low-side service fittings are special 1M-inch Acme-type fittings with no external threads. They have internal threads but they're for the specially-designed caps unique to R-134a systems; the low-side service valve uses a special quick-release service coupler that's also unique to R-134a systems.
In 1992, Chrysler, Ford, GM, Infiniti, Mercedes, Nissan, Saab and Volvo debuted models using R-134a. By 1993, most vehicles were equipped with R-134a systems. 4 Service and diagnostic tools Manifold gauge set (test gauges) The manifold gauge set (see illustrations) is unquestionably the most important tool used in air conditioning system servicing. Nearly all service work performed on automotive air conditioning systems requires the use of test gauges. Test gauges enable a technician to determine the system's high (head) pressure side and low (suction) side vacuum, determine the correct refrigerant charge, perform diagnosis procedures and help determine whether the system is operating efficiently.
