By Andrew Miles, Mike Savage
Mike Savage and Andrew Miles offer a accomplished advent to the operating type in Britain within the years after 1840. This textbook:
* incorporates a provocative, well timed and transparent defence of sophistication analysis
* Breaks new floor in displaying how social mobility and concrete switch affected operating type formation
* Demonstrates how the historical past of the operating classification is politically reconstructed
* exhibits how classification and gender engage in mediating social and political swap
Read Online or Download The Remaking of the British Working Class, 1840-1940 (Historical Connections) PDF
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Additional resources for The Remaking of the British Working Class, 1840-1940 (Historical Connections)
Example text
Today, however, very little of this picture remains (though see the recent revision by Berg and Hudson 1992). Historians now tend to stress the limitations of industrialisation in Britain rather than its impact. It is the slowness and unevenness of change which commands historical attention, rather than its pace and linearity. 4 million) than there were (male) coal miners. 3 million) than there were textile manufacturing workers. The industrial factory worker was far from being typical of the working class as a whole.
In the docks, workers were employed by the hour (Stedman Jones 1971; Phillips and Whiteside 1985). The problem was not entirely an urban one: in the countryside agricultural labourers found it difficult to earn enough to meet their basic needs, although some had allotments or gardens in which they could grow some of their own food. The important feature of this type of distribution of poverty is that skilled workers could regard themselves as aloof from it. They frequently lost their jobs, but they prided themselves on the range of protective institutions which gave them a degree of security, and they could usually rely on procuring a job when trade picked up.
First recognised by the economic historian Clapham (1930) in the 1920s, this view has more recently been endorsed by Samuel (1977) and Musson (1978), and is now the orthodoxy. Steam power, for instance, was hardly used outside textiles, railways and mining as late as the 1870s. The typical British worker was employed in a workshop, among a small team of workers, using hand tools. Historians have been misled by focusing upon one industry—cotton textiles—where there had been technological advance, and one region—industrial Lancashire—where factories were well established (though even here they were often rather small— 44 The Remaking of the British Working Class see Farnie 1979).
