By Eugene P. Odum (auth.), W. H. van Dobben, R. H. Lowe-McConnell (eds.)
The complexity of ecosystems types probably the best problem for ordinary technological know-how. Even step one to entire research, specifically a survey of the engaging species, frequently varieties a massive main issue. This makes it comprehensible that ecologists attempt to summary common ideas from the interrelationships of the multitude of species to be used of their efforts to enquire atmosphere dynamics. Such 'unifying options' have been the most topic of the 'First foreign Congress of Ecology' equipped within the Hague in September 1974 via the overseas organization of Ecology (INTECOL), less than the auspices of the department of Environmental Biology of the foreign Union of organic Sciences (IUBS). This ebook includes the papers awarded on the plenary periods of the Congress and a precis of the discussions engendered by way of them. on the Congress over 800 ecologists from many nations, representing diversified disciplines similar to limnology, botany, zoology, microbiology, agriculture, met jointly for per week. The learn of atmosphere dynamics is dependent upon mutual realizing and shut cooperation, and to stimulate an built-in strategy a couple of major audio system have been invited to give a contribution papers on notions comparable to power move, productiveness, variety, balance and adulthood from diverse issues of view. those invited papers have been provided on the morning plenary periods, through discussions.
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Additional resources for Unifying Concepts in Ecology: Report of the plenary sessions of the First international congress of ecology, The Hague, the Netherlands, September 8–14, 1974
Sample text
McGraw-Hili, New York. 41 Monk, C. L. 196§. An ecological significance of evergreen ness. Ecology 47: 504-505. Nef, L. 1957. Etat actuel des connaissances sur Ie role des animaux dans la decomposition des litiers de forest. Agricultura 5: 245-316. Odum, E. P. 1969. The strategy of ecosystem development. Science 164: 262-270. Odum, E. P. 1971. ). W. B. , Philadel phia. Odum, H. , & R. F. ). 1970. A tropical rain forest. Division of Technical Informlition, U,S, Atomic Energy Commission. Oak Ridge.
Ecosystems, regardless of type or complexity, all appear to exhibit common properties of persistence and growth. Ecosystems tend to display consistent patterns of optimization towards maximum persistent biomass. The specific nature of ecological mechanisms underlying this phenomenon are complex, but all ecosystems have evolved regulative mechanisms whereby a secure energy base is established in the presence of a fluctuating environment. Autotrophic components of ecosystems display one of two basic properties (or combinations thereof): (i) small individuals with rapid turnover and (ii) large individuals with slow turnover.
The harmonious development of the interacting BGC of different structures is maintained by special mechanisms of coadaptation between the production processes in different ecosystems within the same BGC. In this connection let us analyse the development of an amphibian. The biomass of eggs laid by a population of Rana arvalis in a given lake coincides with the biomass of young frogs leaving the water (Fig. 2). Of course, some divergences from this general rule may be observed, but there can be no doubt that this has an important role in the coordination of terrestial and aquatic subsystems of one BGC.
