By Samuel Wendell Williston

This Elibron Classics booklet is a facsimile reprint of a 1914 version by way of the college of Chicago Press, Chicago.

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Extra resources for Water reptiles of the past and present

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Instead of losing the hind legs and developing the tail as a propelling organ like the whales, the seals encountered precisely the reverse experience. The hind legs have been developed into most efficient paddles or sculls, and the tail has been for the most part lost. They are fish-eaters, it is true, but they do not have the long jaws possessed by the porpoises and toothed whales. In the sea-otters, beavers, and even the muskrats, we have examples of less complete adaptation of land mammals to water life, the most of them showing the beginnings at least of structural adaptations similar to those of the seals.

There have been many animals of high and low rank which in the past and present have gone back from a terrestrial existence to a life in the water, finding at last a congenial home away from the shores. Or, perhaps, like the monitor lizards of today, they have found temporary safety in the water when hard pressed by their land enemies, and finally found, not only protection, but an abundant supply of easily obtainable food therein. As in every. vocation of life there have been many failures in such attempts, many partial successes only.

Here at the very close of the Age of Reptiles, at the close of the Age of Dinosaurs, are found the ultimate specializations of all the chief groups of dinosaurs except the long-necked quadrupedal dinosaurs which gave up the ghost in Lower Cretaceous times. Many were provided with horns and spines, some indeed seemed to have bristled with spines throughout, a sure sign that they were approaching the end of their career. The modern type of crocodiles had usurped the ancient forms of the early Cretaceous, and reached the largest size of their race perhaps, though but few specimens are known.

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