By Monica G. Turner, Robert H. Gardner (auth.)
This paintings offers in-depth research of the origins of panorama ecology and its shut alignment with the certainty of scale, the factors of panorama trend, and the interactions of spatial development with quite a few ecological strategies. The textual content covers the quantitative ways which are utilized extensively in panorama experiences, with emphasis on their applicable use and interpretation.
The box of panorama ecology has grown speedily in this interval, its options and strategies have matured, and the printed literature has elevated exponentially. panorama learn has more desirable knowing of the factors and results of spatial heterogeneity and the way those range with scale, and so they have inspired the administration of usual and human-dominated landscapes. panorama ecology is now thought of mainstream, and the methods are time-honored in lots of branches of ecology and are utilized not just in terrestrial settings but in addition in aquatic and marine platforms. based on those quick advancements, an up-to-date version of Landscape Ecology in conception and Practice offers a man-made review of panorama ecology, together with its improvement, the equipment and strategies which are hired, the most important questions addressed, and the insights which were gained.”
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Additional info for Landscape Ecology in Theory and Practice: Pattern and Process
Example text
1983) article on scales of vegetation dynamics in space and time synthesized paleoecological changes in landscapes and graphically presented the positive correlation of spatial and temporal scales as a time–space state space that has been widely used (Fig. 4). Third, the book by O’Neill et al. (1986) reviewed the concept of an ecosystem, then proposed a hierarchical framework for ecosystems. In addition to these ecological studies, the new mathematical theory of fractals (Mandelbrot 1983) provided insights into the complicated patterns often seen in nature and offered novel approaches to extrapolate observations from one scale to another.
Adapted from Miller et al. (2004). used to simulate potential changes in global climate typically have a coarse resolution of 1° or 2° latitude and longitude. However, precipitation and temperature vary considerably within areas that are 100 km × 100 km in size, and this variability is important for local ecological processes (Kennedy 1997; Lynn et al. 1995; Russo and Zack 1997). Using a rather different example, tabulations of population density or housing units for a census tract do not account for the spatial variability within the census tract, yet this variation may be most important for predicting future patterns of land-use change or the movement of nutrients from land to water.
2. Describe three contemporary issues that require consideration of the landscape, either as a driver of change in another variable, or as an element that responds to some driver. What information or understanding is lost if a landscape perspective is not taken? Introduction t o La n d sc a p e Ecology a n d S c a l e 32 La ndscap e Ecol ogy i n 3. Is landscape ecology defined by its questions or by its techniques? Do you consider it to be a broad or narrow avenue of inquiry within ecology? 4. Select a landscape of your choice and list the important ecological processes that Theory and occur in the landscape.
