By Professor of Ancient Philosophy Jonathan Barnes
The most argument of this booklet, opposed to a winning orthodoxy, is that the research of common sense used to be a necessary - and a well-liked - a part of stoic philosophy within the early imperial interval. The argument is predicated totally on specific analyses of sure texts within the Discourses of Epictetus. It comprises a few account of logical 'analysis', of 'hypothetical' reasoning, and of 'changing' arguments.
Written either for historians and for philosophers, and presupposing no logical services, this can be a big contribution to the background of philosophy within the early imperial interval.
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G. Diogenes Laertius, VII 71, 72. g. 82-83. 26 27 30 CHAPTER THREE I do not pretend that Epictetus had enjoyed the logical training of a Galen, or that he had absorbed logic in the way in which Galen had absorbed it. Casual references to logic are not as copious in his writings as they are in the medical treatises of Galen. Nor, of course, did he write works on logic, as Galen was to do. Nonetheless, he learned logic; and it left a mark on his style. 31 It is natural to wonder how good Epictetus himself was at the subject.
I xxviii 29; IIi 3; xix 6; xxiii 31; IV ii I; iv 13. 51 See II xviii 3, 34; xxi 17; III xxvi 13. g. Plutarch, prof virt 78EF, who aptly cites Plato, Rep 5398, on the dangers of allowing young men to sharpen their claws on logic. 44-45. profvirt 80A; Lucian, Gallus I [718-719]. 36 CHAPTER THREE would not have pleased the Old Stoics, if Persaeus is to be trusted: according to him, 'if logicians gathered for a drink and then discussed syllogisms, you would judge that they were acting inappropriately to the occasion' (Athenaeus, 607B).
When Epictetus fulminates-or seems to fulminate-against logic, he is not 'typical of his age', an age which despised logic and cared only to keep its ethics warm. On the contrary, he was crying in the wilderness and swimming against the tide: he was not keeping up with the Joneses, nor were the Joneses keeping up with him. § C: Against logic? The common view that ethics dominated imperial Stoicism is false: Epictetus confirms what Seneca implies-that matters were quite otherwise. But the common view may draw in its horns.
