By A. Triandafyllidou, Thanos Maroukis
This books explores the phenomenon of abnormal migration, significantly the association and position of migrant smuggling networks in helping abnormal migration from Asia and Africa to Europe. It additionally discusses how migration keep an eye on rules in southern eu international locations form the migrant smuggling phenomenon and the smuggling 'business'.
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Extra info for Migrant Smuggling: Irregular Migration from Asia and Africa to Europe
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Institutional framework: integration, institutions and measures The Rome Treaties did not specifically establish a legal basis for migration policy, and traditionally policies concerning migration, asylum and border controls have been viewed as pertaining to the exercise of national sovereignty. The ‘Europeanization’ of migration policies was triggered by external factors, namely spill-over effects from the completion of the internal market, the internationalization of European economies and the increased migration pressure since late 1980s (Stetter, 2000).
4 below). Italy’s cooperation with Tunisia and Libya has intensified over the last decade despite concerns over the unlawfulness of the Italian government’s re-admission practices. Indeed, Italian–Libyan cooperation started in 2003. Between August 2003 and December 2004 alone, 5,688 people were returned to their alleged countries of origin, which included Bangladesh, Egypt, Eritrea, Ghana, Mali, Niger, Nigeria, Pakistan, Sudan and Syria, in over 50 chartered aircrafts financed partly by Italy (this was a policy adopted by the previous government of Berlusconi).
The 2002 European Council in Seville called for reinforced cooperation with third countries in the field of irregular migration. 23 This position reflects the extension of the fight against irregular migration to the area of EU external relations, including EU trade and development policies, leading to an externalization of the EU’s approach to curbing irregular immigration (see, for instance, Balzacq, 2008; Boswell, 2003). 24 The European Community undertakes two approaches to the externalization of immigration policy.
