By Thomas Deckker
The intended rationality of the city making plans of the fashionable flow encompassed quite a few attitudes in the direction of heritage, know-how and tradition, from the imaginative and prescient of Berlin as an American city, in the course of the dispute among the urbanists and disurbanists within the Soviet Union to the technocratic and austere imaginative and prescient of Le Corbusier. After the second one international warfare, architects tried to reconcile those utopian visions to the sensible difficulties of creating - or reconstructing - city environments, from Piero Bottoni on the Quartiere Trienale eight in Milan in 1951 to Lucio Costa at Bras'lia in 1957. within the Nineteen Seventies, the cave in of Modernism caused universial condemnation of contemporary urbanism; city planning,and rationality itself, have been thrown into doubt. in spite of the fact that, this kind of wholesale condemnation hides the complicated realities underlying those sleek towns. The members outline many of the theoretical foundations of contemporary city making plans, and re-evaluate the successes and the disasters of the equipped effects. The booklet ends with contrasting perspectives of the inheritance of contemporary urbanism within the usa and the Netherlands.
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47 ‘The cross-fire of an unprecedented battle of ideas’48 By their provocative analyses, Sabsovich and Okhitovich had opened up questions which had not had serious attention since the utopian socialists, whose names were often invoked in the debates that followed. In the popular shorthand of the time their arguments became known respectively as the ‘urbanist’ and the ‘disurbanist’, but it should be noted that both were against further uncontrolled growth of existing urban centres. Their solutions differed but they were united in opposition to two key assumptions underlying the government’s Five Year Plan: first, that considerable amounts of new plant and its accompanying housing should be located around existing centres; second, that the settlements being created at the new industrial sites were destined eventually to become large cities.
Dispatched to distant and inhospitable sites with superhuman tasks and inadequate resource, the German Modernists who came to the Soviet Union so hopefully in 1930 found their left-wing sympathies stretched to breaking. Invited from Frankfurt or fleeing Nazi hostility at the Bauhaus, the teams who came with Ernst May, Hannes Mayer and others saw the Soviet Union as a worthy place to invest their experience. 72 Although seeming to represent a direct connection with this debate, they actually learned little of the battle of ideas which had preceded their arrival.
6 The Constructivists compact socialist town. Axonometric view of a single ‘housing combine’ by Alexander and Leonid Vesnin, with: (1) five-storied housing blocks for adults where first floor in the centre of each contains rooms for individual and group activities. The long block (2) contains collective services including communal dining rooms, library, reading room, rooms for clubs, etc. and a winter garden. Central block (3) is a sports complex with swimming pool surrounded by a running track and four tennis courts.
