By Jaap Valk
With the growing to be variety of MR installations, clinicians and radiologist are being faced increasingly more with visible details they don't suppose as convinced with as with the extra 'mono-form' infor mation of traditional radiographs, CT and US. the liberty of parameter selection ofthe MR operator permits an identical item to be depicted in a variety of methods and the distinction within the photographs to be replaced and inverted at will. For these now not skilled in studying MR pictures, this can reason confusion and uncertainty approximately their diagnostic content material. this may occasionally result in an pointless retreat to different diagnostic modalities. the aim of this publication is to assist shut the distance among MR operators and readers and clinicians. numerous instances is gifted, including the MRI issues. In approximately most of these situations, confirma tion of analysis used to be acquired via histological exam. really intentionally, this publication simply comprises the occasional CT test or angiography for comparability, to prevent the temptation of falling again on different modalities and of escaping from the usually more challenging to interpret, yet in any case extra lucrative MR photos. the entire MR pictures during this publication have been made with a 'first-generation', unsophisticated Teslacon I, 0.6 T, superconducting magnet procedure. confidently, they're going to mirror the standard of the laptop. a few humans will consider me that it's unhappy that investments in pricey future health care structures are topic to the whims of these who're generally drawn to enjoyable their stockholders.
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Extra resources for MRI of the Brain, Head, Neck and Spine: A teaching atlas of clinical applications
Example text
One does not have the impression that the patient has moved during the examination. Changing the window-setting, as has been done in Fig. , shows that the patient has indeed moved quite a lot and that the higher SI in the cervical cord is, therefore, an artefact. This list of artefacts is by no means complete. If one is, however, aware of the possibility of artefacts and suspicious about every unnatural form in the image, and if one is willing to go back to the monitor for a second view and compare the images made with different sequences, most of these pitfalls can be omitted.
With a matrix of 256 x 256, still better detail would have been obtained but at the expense of more acquisition time. The slices are positioned at the level of the vocal cords (a), showing the larynx, the vocal cords, the arytenoids, the intervertebral disc and the intervertebral foramina with the emerging nerve roots. Structure can be recognized within the cord. The second image is at the level of the cricoid and shows the arachnoid space and the cord. The 3rd image is at the level of the thyroid gland, subglottic, and shows the intervertrebral disc C7, Thl and a (traumatic) herniation of the discus into the right intervertebral foramen, completely concurring with the clinical symptoms of a C8 nerve root entrapment.
In both cases, the one with and the one without flowvoid sign, we see spots of high SI around the ventricle, probably due to vascular lesions. Such a finding will reduce the enthusiasm for shunting in both patients. Technique 31 32 Technique 17 Case: Flow-void in the aqueduct. Hydrocephalus in infants In this IS-month-old child with hydrocephalus, a huge pericerebellar arachnoid cyst is present. One might assume that compression of the aqueduct by the forward extension of the cyst, would be a possible explanation for the hydrocephalus.
