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Extra resources for New Catholic Encyclopedia, Vol. 10: Mos-Pat
Sample text
In natural philosophy the first cause of motion is considered only insofar as is necessary to understand motion in natural things and to determine whether the primary source of motion is or is not a natural body (see PHILOSOPHY OF NATURE). A body is something extended and divisible in parts that are in it and thus compose the whole. A body or extended whole is not an independent being, but depends upon its own parts for its being. A body is dependent upon its parts for being moved, because motion requires a subject that is extended and divisible into parts, but the first cause of motion is completely independent in action, and hence also in being, because operation follows being, and the manner of acting is consequent upon the manner of being.
It is realized only in the third species of QUALITY, namely, sensible qualities. Only these fit the definition of motion as continuing and successive actualization of potency. Changes occurring in the vital or psychic orders are not motions in the same sense as loca1 change and change of sensible qualities. One speaks of the mind as ‘‘proceeding’’ from known to unknown, of discursive REASONING; this, however, is only by analogy with local motion. Vital and psychic operations are not acts of beings in potency, but of beings already proximately determined to act; these operations are not the fulfillment of potentialities, but the products of potentialities already actualized (cf.
Together in Time. Furthermore, mover and moved are together in time as well as in place; that is, they are simultaneous. At the same time as the mover causes motion, the moved is in motion. This is seen in the example of the hand moving the pen. The motion of the pen requires the hand as mover and contact of the hand with the pen; when, and only when the hand moves the pen, the pen is moved by the hand. Mover and moved are together in place and time because they are parts of one system, and the motion is the act of both mover and moved, although in different ways: it is actively from the mover and passively in the moved (see ACTION AND PASSION).
