By Vasco Ronchi
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Example text
52. We must recognize that the course of events was also beat suited. to bring most effective support to this behavior by the students of optics. CENTURY OPTICS 5t the subject proved to be so fascinating that it attracted to its orbit the most eminent and most famous scientists of the seventeenth century. When the problem of determining the physical nature, of lumen was tackled, Ibn al-Haitham's hypothesis of a corpuscular structure encountered serious difficulties, since it conflicted with common sense in not a few typical phenomena of light.
Tllcse straight lines that came out of the eyes \vere called visual rays ancl could tJe reflected as well as refracted. This construction outdistanced the other a little in degree of absurdity: aIld the difficulties it met in explaining many circumstallces of vision ,-",ere no less. Why were the visual rays unable to study the outside 'world wilen it was dark? Why could they not probe a body Xery close to the eyes? When they were reflected by a plane nlirroT, why d-id they cause a figure to be seen behind the mirror instead of ill its proper place?
In t 609 Galileo heard about the instrument, made one for himself, and understood its enonnous importance for science. That was the dawn of a new scientific era. Imbued with a new faith that what he saw in the telescope was true, even if nearer or farther away, bigger or smaller, than what was seen with the nak-ed eye, Galileo made his celebrated astronomical observations. Of these the most sensational and revolutionary was the discovery of Jupiter's satellites. M,ssage. The entire academic world reacted violently, with one' voice accusing Galileo of extolling as real discoveries figures seen only with the telescope, a notoriously misleading and untrustworthy contraption.
