By Axel Ritter (auth.)
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For operating valves, controlling gases and liquids. g. in heating thermostats. EM working elements are sometimes used as actuator or positioner drives in greenhouses and building facades in energy-autonomous, decentralised room ventilation systems. Sprinkler ampoules during manufacture | Sprinkler ampoules filled with coloured thermally sensitive EMs. | Sprinkler heads with ampoules. 49 | thermal expansion materials (TEM) / expansion materials (EM) EM working elements: ACTUATOR OR POSITIONER DRIVES (LINEAR ACTUATORS) These devices generally consist of a pressure-resistant vessel filled with an EM that expands on being heated to displace an actuating piston outwards.
As above. SMA bands and sheets: SMA BANDS AND STRIPS Nickel-titanium alloy bands are available in thicknesses of approx. 410 mm from stock, can be clamped at one or both ends, used individually or in layers for multiplication of the effect, guided through their centres or enclosed in a sleeve. + − As above. As above. SMA SHEETS Nickel-titanium alloys are available in thicknesses of approx. 000 mm from stock, can be clamped at one or both ends or can be installed as circumferentially restrained.
The EM working elements were designed to operate in three axes arranged around a central node. Each of the two projecting, carbon-fibre, 6 m long aerofoil elements would change its position by means of temperature-reactive actuating processes: on mild days the structure would unfold up to a height of 15 m, whilst during cold nights or bad weather it would retract into the window arch. For safety reasons it was necessary to specify a clear area of at least 20 m around the structure. In place of this dynamically reactive tower the visitors to the Bath Festival were presented with a simple structure without EM working elements.
