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Similar concepts are employed in both ultrasonic technologies to present ultrasonic data. Conventional ultrasonic instruments for NDT commonly consist of either a single active element that both generates and receives highfrequency sound waves, or two paired elements, one for transmitting and one for receiving. A typical instrument consists of a single channel pulser and receiver that generates and receives an ultrasonic signal with an integrated digital acquisition system, which is coordinated with an onboard display and measurement module.
Number of pulsers. Defines the maximum number of elements that can be grouped to form an active aperture or virtual probe aperture. Number of channels. Defines the total number of channels that can be used for sequencing apertures that leads to the potential increase in coverage from a single probe footprint. XX:YY. Naming convention used, where XX = number of pulsers, and YY = total number of available channels. The number of channels is always greater or equal to number of pulsers. Instruments from 16:16 to 32:128 are available in field portable packaging.
The amplitude of grating lobes is significantly affected by pitch size, the number of elements, frequency, and bandwidth. 4 mm pitch, and the beam on the right by three elements at 1 mm pitch. The beam on the left is somewhat shaped as a cone, while the beam on the right has two spurious lobes at an approximate 30 degree angle to the center axis of the beam. Olympus Phased Array Probes 33 Figure 2-28 Beam profiles with different number of elements Grating lobes occur whenever the size of individual elements in an array is equal to or greater than the wavelength.
