By Dr. Surendra K. Saxena (auth.)
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Extra resources for Thermodynamics of Rock-Forming Crystalline Solutions
Example text
These two alternative sequences of mineral assemblages are (see MUELLER, 1964): O-A, tremolite-diopside; A-B, tremolite-diopside-kupfferite (magnesio-anthophyllite); B-C, diopside-kupfferite; C-D, diopsidekupfferite-enstatite; D-l, kupfferite-enstatite. O-A', tremolite-diopside; A'-B', tremolite-diopside-enstatite; B'-C, tremolite-enstatite; C-D', tremolite-enstatite-kupfferite; C-l, enstatitekupfferite. Note that in the first sequence tremolite-enstatite and in the second sequence diopside-kupfferite are excluded.
But there are several important differences in the processes taking place in the igneous and in the metamorphic rocks. The most important is the fact that in meta- Composition of Coexisting Minerals 47 morphic rocks we are mostly concerned with solid state diffusion whereas in igneous rocks most reactions take place through the liquid medium. As such, most crystals are not in the place where they were nucleated and grown partly or wholly. Thus in igneous rocks, it is not only the ions, as in metamorphic rocks, which move about but the minerals themselves arefree to mix with crystals formed earlier or later in the time sequence.
0. Let us assume that AM, BM and CM correspond to Fe 3Al Z Si 3012' Mn3AlzSi301z and Ca3AlzSi3012 respectively and plot the garnet compositions on this figure. 9 represents 400 C, none of the garnet compositions from low to medium grade of metamorphism (epidote-amphibolite facies) may lie in the miscibility gap. 9. The Otago garnets (BROWN, 1970) are selected for the present illustration because of several reasons. First, 0 Immiscibility in Garnets 35 pyrope (Mg3AI2Si3012) content of the garnets is small and the compositions closely represent the ternary almandine (Fe3AI2Si3012)-spessartine (Mn 3AI 2Si 30d- grossular (Ca3AI2Si30l2) system.
