By Cronin, Thomas W.; Johnsen, Sönke; Marshall, N. Justin; Warrant, Eric J
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Example text
Although any light detector or spectrometer will happily provide you with a number, it is easy to measure the wrong thing or the right thing in the wrong way. Intuition is also a poor guide because of both the logarithmic nature of visual adaptation and color constancy. Therefore, one can have an exceedingly wrong measurement and not know it. This brief introductory section is only meant to provide enough information to help the reader understand the optical measurements in the rest of this book.
As mentioned above, the irradiance goes from relatively spectrally neutral during the day, to long-shifted during sunset, followed quickly by a substantial shift to shorter wavelengths during twilight. This is then followed by a return to the somewhat long-wavelength-shifted spectra of either moonlight or a combined spectrum of starlight, airglow, and zodiacal light. The same process reverses itself during dawn. Thus, the periods surrounding the rising and setting of our two primary celestial bodies are times of significant change in the spectral composition of light in addition to enormous change in brightness.
22. Examples of the various uses of bioluminescence. (A) Counterillumination of the ventral surfaces in the eye-flash squid Abralia veranyi. (B) Defensive spew bioluminescence in the shrimp Parapandalus sp. (C) The bioluminescent lure of the barbeled dragonfish Eustomias pacificus. (D) Possibly aposematic bioluminescence in the ophiuroid Ophiochiton ternispinus. (E) Bioluminescent searchlight under the eye of the threadfin dragonfish Echiostoma barbatum. triggers a brief and presumably defensive flash of light.
