By Philip Kivell
Within the quickly altering sphere of city improvement, land is proven to supply the fundamental morphological constitution of the town, but in addition the resource of monetary and social strength and the foremost to making plans via examples from all over the world
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Extra resources for Land and the City: Patterns and Processes of Urban Change
Sample text
In other West European countries there are a few similarities with, but also many differences from, the British system. One of the main instruments of control over land use and development in France, Germany, The Netherlands and Denmark is a building permit issued by the local authority, and this covers both planning permission and the equivalent of the British building control. Another difference is that in these countries the local plan is a legally binding document. Clear criteria are laid down for the approval or refusal of development permission, and in general, if a proposal accords with the local plan and building regulations, it cannot be refused.
8. Values in the inner suburbs rose by 30–50 per cent, whereas those in the outer suburbs remained static. In the USA the increases in oil prices between 1973 and 1979 also caused some adjustments, in that there was a trend towards smaller cars and a continued movement of people and industry towards the suburbs in order to decrease the journey to work distances. In Japan, on the other hand, it appears that rising transport costs have had little effect upon urban structure. Rapidly rising real incomes and the willingness of employers to subsidise commuting costs mean that urban residents can, to some extent, shrug off rising energy costs.
42 3 MEASURING AND MONITORING URBAN LAND I NTRODUCTION The need for careful land use planning to be based upon a firm knowledge of existing land use patterns is indisputable, especially in such small and highly urbanised countries as Britain and some of its European neighbours. Despite this, the state of our knowledge of urban land use is still far from satisfactory. Even the most basic facts are often contentious. Numerous independent commentators have drawn attention to the shortage and patchiness of urban land use data, and the way in which this handicaps effective land planning and allocation, yet paradoxically the acquisition of land use statistics does not appear to be a top priority for local authorities, at least in Britain.
