By Mohammad Qadeer
This is the 1st English-language survey of Pakistan’s socio-economic evolution. Mohammad Qadeer provides an important evaluate of social and cultural transformation in Pakistan because independence, that is the most important to realizing Pakistan’s most likely destiny path.
Pakistan examines how culture and kinfolk lifestyles proceed to give a contribution long-term balance, and explores the components the place very fast alterations are occurring: huge inhabitants elevate, urbanization, fiscal improvement, and the character of civil society and the kingdom. It deals an insightful view into Pakistan, exploring the wide variety of ethnic teams, the nation-state, faith and neighborhood, and pop culture and nationwide identification. It concludes through discussing the most probably destiny social improvement in Pakistan, beautiful scholars and teachers drawn to Pakistan and multiculturalism.
Qadeer’s amazing paintings is a accomplished exam of social and cultural forces in Pakistani society, and is a vital source for someone desirous to comprehend modern Pakistan.
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Additional resources for Pakistan: Social and Cultural Transformation (Routledge Contemporary South Asia Series, 1)
Example text
Thus, the overall rate of economic growth during 1988–98, the seventh- and eighth-plan periods, reached the range of 4–5 percent per year. Yet both regimes were mired in corruption and accused of appropriating public resources for the benefit of their supporters. Nawaz Sharif’s “yellow cab” scheme and Benazir’s “green tractors” program are examples of policy measures, ostensibly aimed at stimulating economic entrepreneurship, which actually ended up benefitting their parties’ clients. Defaulting on loans from public sector banks, cooperative societies, and investment institutions became a well-honed way of encashing public influence Patterns of social change 35 and rewarding cronies.
Technological advances in particular and economic development in general have introduced new occupations and changed patterns of consumption. All in all, the material and technological bases of society are changing, leading to the realignment of the social organization of production. It is even affecting people’s attitudes and values. Borrowing a Marxist formulation, the changes in the material base of Pakistani society are affecting its superstructure of social institutions and cultural patterns.
Military’s direct or indirect involvement in the governance of Pakistan is one of the defining features of the third period, although nominally the country had elected governments for 11 years. These 11 years (1988–99) witnessed four national elections (1988, 1990, 1993, and 1997) and four elected governments, the tenure of each being cut short by the reigning president and the military. Benazir Bhutto, the chairperson of the PPP, alternated with Nawaz Sharif, a Zia protégé and the leader of the Pakistan Muslim League (PML), as the prime minister and the leader of the house in the National Assembly.
