By Arthur J. Olch
content material: evaluate of early life melanoma : occurrence, survival, and overdue results --
demanding situations of treating teenagers with radiation remedy --
Leukemia --
Tumors of the relevant apprehensive procedure --
Hodgkin lymphoma --
Neuroblastoma --
Wilms' tumor --
Soft-tissue tumors : (rhabdomyosarcoma and different soft-tissue sarcomas) --
Bone sarcomas (osteosarcoma and Ewing's sarcoma) --
Retinoblastoma.
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Additional info for Pediatric radiotherapy : planning and treatment
Example text
In a recent study of 4581 cancer survivors in the United Kingdom and France with 115 patients with SM, individual radiation doses were calculated at the site of SM as well as the distance from each SM to the irradiated volume. This analysis did not show a dose-response with doses up to 73 Gy and they found that the majority of SM occurred in the region near the field edge receiving intermediate doses (Diallo et al. 2009). An earlier large German study that identified 203 childhood cancer survivors reported findings similar to the study by Diallo (Dorr and Herrmann 2002).
2006). Most common SMs were female breast, brain, bone, thyroid gland, and soft tissue. Solid cancers accounted for 81% of all SM. The average latency period was about 15 years, but this value increases with longer follow-up. 3). 2 shows the cumulative incidence for SM by type of primary diagnosis (Curtis et al. 2006). The risk for secondary malignancy includes the effects of chemotherapy, radiotherapy, age, sex, endocrine and metabolic factors, environmental factors, and the underlying susceptibility to develop SM associated with each type of cancer.
In a study comparing the location of secondary brain tumors to the dose received by those tissues after whole brain or partial cranial irradiation, almost all the second tumors occurred in tissues within the target volume (Galloway et al. 2012). One can conclude from these many studies that the most effective way to reduce the risk of secondary brain tumors is to reduce the target dose and volume. There are data that show that very small doses of radiation to the brain can cause neural tumors. Ron et al.
