By Allison Lee Palmer
Structure, which might be understood in its most elementary feel as a kind of enclosure created with a classy cause, first made its visual appeal within the Prehistoric Age. From its earliest advancements, structure replaced through the years and in numerous cultures based on altering cultural wishes, aesthetic pursuits, fabrics, and techniques.The A to Z of structure offers details on architects like Frank Lloyd Wright, Tadao Ando, Leon Battista Alberti, Filippo Brunelleschi, Michelangelo, and Konstantin Stepanovich Melnikov, in addition to on recognized constructions just like the Acropolis, the Colosseum, the Forbidden urban, Machu Pichu, Notre Dame, the Pyramids of Giza, Stonehenge, and the area exchange middle. The dictionary examines the advance of structure over the centuries via a chronology, an introductory essay, a bibliography, and countless numbers of cross-referenced dictionary entries at the significant architects, recognized structures, time classes, types, development varieties, and fabrics in international structure.
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Extra info for The A to Z of Architecture (The A to Z Guide Series)
Example text
With a six-columned portico on each of the sides of the square building, elevated aboveground by a basement level, the visitor is provided a grand entry into the building from each of its four doors. The entire structure is capped by a dome over its center, thus recalling the ancient use of the domus on an imperial home rather than the more common subsequent use of the dome on a church. Palladio’s influential style was disseminated through the publication in 1570 of his treatise on architecture called I quattro libri dell’architettura, which formed the guiding principles of 18th-century Neo-Classicism.
Robie House, Chicago Expressionism (and Blobitecture) (1910s–1950s) Aalto, Alvar (1898–1976): 1947–1949, Baker House, MIT, Boston; 1959, Opera House, Essen, Germany Goff, Bruce (1904–1982): 1947, Ledbetter House, Norman, Oklahoma; 1950s, Bavinger House, Norman, Oklahoma Wright, Frank Lloyd (1867–1959): 1940s–1950s, Solomon Guggenheim Museum, New York Saarinen, Eero (1910–1961): 1956–1962, Trans World Airport Terminal, New York CHRONOLOGY • xxxvii Art Deco (1920s–1930s) Hood, Raymond (1881–1934) and John Mead Howells (1868–1959): 1924, Chicago Tribune Tower, Chicago Hood, Raymond (1881–1934): 1929, New York Daily News Building, New York; 1930s, Radio City Music Hall, Rockefeller Center, New York Alen, William Van (1883–1954): 1930, Chrysler Building, New York Shreve, Lamb and Harmon: 1931, Empire State Building, New York International Style (and Modernism) (1920s–1960s) Saarinen, Eliel (1873–1950): 1942, First Christian Church, Columbus, Indiana Gropius, Walter (1883–1969): 1937, Architect’s House, Lincoln, Massachusetts Howe, George (1886–1955) and William Lescaze (1896–1969): 1931, Philadelphia Savings Fund Society Building (PSFS), Philadelphia Breuer, Marcel (1902–1981): 1938, Breuer House I, Lincoln, Massachusetts; 1945, Geller House, Lawrence, Long Island; 1948, Breuer House II, New Canaan, Connecticut Mies van der Rohe, Ludwig (1886–1969): 1946, Farnsworth House, Plano, Illinois; 1951, 860–880 Lake Shore Drive, Chicago; 1954, with Philip Johnson, Seagram Building, New York Neutra, Richard (1892–1970): 1946, Kaufman House, Palm Springs, California Johnson, Philip (1906–2005): 1949, “Glass House,” New Canaan, Connecticut; 1978–1983, AT&T Corporate Headquarters, New York Kahn, Louis (1901–1974): 1950s, Yale University Art Gallery, New Haven, Connecticut; 1967–1972, Kimbell Art Museum, Fort Worth, Texas Niemeyer, Oscar (1907– ): 1952, with Le Corbusier, United Nations Headquarters, New York; 1960s Saarinen, Eero (1910–1961): 1954, Irwin Union Bank, Columbus, Indiana Pei, I.
Petersburg Neo-Classical Architecture; also see below under Architecture of the United States Gibbs, James (1682–1754): 1722–1726, Saint Martin-in-the-Fields, London; 1739–1749, Radcliffe Camera, Oxford Boyle, Richard (Lord Burlington) (1695–1753): 1720s, Chiswick House, West London Wood, John the Elder (c. , begun Jefferson, Thomas (1743–1826): 1770s, Monticello, Charlottesville, Virginia Bulfinch, Charles (1763–1844): 1796, Old State House, Hartford, Connecticut Latrobe, Benjamin Henry (1764–1820): 1801, Bank of Pennsylvania Gothic Revival Architecture (1760s–1840s) Upjohn, Richard (1802–1878): 1840s, Trinity Church, New York Federal Style (1783–1830) Bulfinch, Charles (1763–1844): 1796, Old State House, Hartford, Connecticut; 1798, Massachusetts State House, Boston, begun Greek Revival Style (1820–1870); see Romantic Architecture Romantic Architecture (1830s–1870s); see also Gothic Revival Architecture Hunt, Richard Morris (1827–1895): 1890s, Vanderbilt Mansion, Newport, Rhode Island CHRONOLOGY • xxxv Italianate Style (1840–1890s); see Romantic Architecture Second Empire Style (1855–1885); see Victorian Architecture Stick Style (1860–1890); see Victorian Architecture Victorian Architecture (1860–1900) Richardson, Henry Hobson (1838–1886): 1880s, Stoughton House, Cambridge, Massachusetts Eastlake Style (1870–1890); see Victorian Architecture Richardsonian Romanesque (1870s–1900) Richardson, Henry Hobson (1838–1886): 1870s, Trinity Church, Boston; 1885–1887, Marshall Field Warehouse, Chicago Shingle Style (1870s–1900); see Victorian Architecture Queen Anne Style (1870s–1910); see Victorian Architecture Mission Style (1890–1915); see Arts and Crafts Beaux-Arts Architecture (1890s–1920s) Hunt, Richard Morris (1827–1895): 1890s, Biltmore Estate, Asheville, North Carolina; 1890s, Vanderbilt Mansion, “The Breakers,” Newport, Rhode Island; 1893, World’s Columbian Exposition, Chicago; 1895, Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York McKim, Charles Follen (1847–1909), William Rutherford Mead (1846–1928), and Stanford White (1853–1906): 1887–1895, Boston Public Library; 1895–1903, Rhode Island State Capitol, Providence; xxxvi • CHRONOLOGY 1906, Morgan Library, New York; 1910, Pennsylvania Station, New York Carrère, John (1858–1911) and Thomas Hastings (1860–1929): 1897–1911, New York Public Library, New York Wetmore, Charles (1866–1941) and Whitney Warren (1864–1943): 1903, Grand Central Station, New York Arts and Crafts (Bungalow, Craftsman) (1890s–1930s) Greene, Charles Sumner (1868–1957) and Henry Mather Greene (1870–1954): 1908, Gamble House, Pasadena, California Tudor Style (1890–1940) Colonial Revival (1890s–2000s); see Colonial Architecture American Foursquare (1895–1930s) Prairie Style (1900–1920s) Wright, Frank Lloyd (1867–1959) and Marion Mahony Griffin (1871–1961): 1906–1909, Frederick C.
