By Christopher Melchert

The Sunni colleges of legislation are named for jurisprudents of the eighth and ninth centuries, yet they didn't truly functionality so early. the most department at the moment was once really among adherents of ra'y and hadith. the colleges had no typical technique of forming scholars. depending ordinarily on biographical dictionaries, this research strains the constitutive parts of the classical colleges and unearths that they got here jointly within the early 10th-century, rather with the paintings of Ibn Survaj (d. 306/918), al-Khallal (d. 311/923), and a sequence of hanafi lecturers finishing with al-Karkhi (d. 340/952). Malikism prospered within the West for political purposes, whereas the ahiri and Jariri faculties light out because of their refusal to undertake the typical new instructing tools. during this booklet the writer fleshes out those old advancements, whereas even as constructing a few various perpectives.

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68 Al-Khatib al-Baghdadi, Tiirikh 12:60. 69 Ibn I;Iajar, Lisiin 1:352; Waki', Akhbiir 3:280. 70 71 72 73 74 Al-Khatib al-Baghdadi, Tiirikh 6:288. Ibn Abi al-Wafii', Jawiihir 1:458. ~mad ibn 'Abd al-Ra~man, Dhayl, apud al-Kindi, Governors, 477. Al-Kindi, Governors, 474f. Al-Suyiiti, Tiirikh al-khulafii' (Beirut: Dar al-Thaqafah, 1970's), 379f. Iv THE J;IANAFI SCHOOL OF THE LATER NINTH CENTURY CHAPTER THREE THE I:IANAFI SCHOOL OF THE LATER NINTH CENTURY The previous chapter has treated the development of a personali:Ianafi school; that is, the identification of jurisprudents with the teaching of Abu l:lanifah rather than vaguely with the teaching of all the jurisprudents of Kufa or Basra.

Aq al-Mu'ta~im, apud al-Tabari, Anna{es 3:1139 = Ttirikh 8:649. Th al-Baghdadi quotes a story of apparent defalcation, Tarikh 14:194f. 59 Waki', Akhbtir 3:294. According to al-~illi, Ibn Abi Duwad was actually advanced to spy on al-Mu'ta~im for al-Ma'miln. He ignored requests for information, though, and when al-Ma'miln ordered him sent back to Iraq in chains, he confirmed his favor with al-Mu'ta~im by showing him the requests he had ignored: apud alMaqrizi, al-Ttirikh al-kabir al-muqqffa, Pertev Pa§a (Istanbul) 496, 122a, b.

Vogel, 1872), 206 = fann 2, maqtilah 6. 13 52 CHAPTER THREE years. " That bothered me as it had bothered 'Abbad. I went to 'Abd Allah ibn Dawiid [al-Khuraybl, d. 213/828] and mentioned that to him. " 17 Plainly, traditionalist attacks had generated insecurity among the adherents of ra'y, and Ibn al-Thalji was trying to assuage them. He went on the offensive, as well. In Kitab al-Radd 'ald al-mushabbihah (Refutation of the Anthropomorphists), he attacked traditionalist theologians. 18 The Kitab al-Naqq 'ala Bishr al-Marfsf (Refutation of Bishr al-Marisi) of al-Darimi (d.

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