By Avinoam Shalem

Surroundings a bunch of medieval carved ivory horns within the particular inventive and historic context during which they have been synthetic, used and re-used, this e-book provides a mine of knowledge for the examine of medieval background. the 1st chapters discover such technical points because the slicing and carving of oliphants, and in addition the wider problems with the morphology of ivory and its availability within the Mediterranean basin within the heart a while. at the foundation of particular carving tools and ranging vocabulary of motifs, the oliphants are prepared into teams and their possible websites of creation are instructed. The center of this quantity, notwithstanding, is the try to position them of their particular historic context. the aim in their mass-production, specifically their patronage and unique functionality, is explored, but additionally their reception and new features within the church treasuries of Latin Europe is generally mentioned.

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Extra info for The Oliphant: Islamic Objects in Historical Context (Islamic History and Civilization)

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22 MacGregor, Bone, Antler, Ivory and Horn, p. 19. 17 18 18 chapter three III. 23 Ivory was, indeed, and still is, considered a valuable material. It is, perhaps, the fact that in the West, in Pliny’s time as well as today, elephants are rarely seen, and for this reason ivory is considered a somewhat mysterious and exotic substance. And yet there is a great ambivalence concerning ivory. Its excellent working properties and especially its hard-wearing character have recommended it as a favourable raw material for carving into lucrative ornaments as well as articles of daily use.

V. “Oliphant” in The Dictionary of Art, ed. J. Turner, vol. 23 (London, 1994); Michelle R. Warren, “The Noise of Roland,” to be published in Exemplaria 16,2(2004); Valentino Pace, “Fra l’Islam e l’Occidente: Il mistro degli olifanti,” to be published in the Festschrift for Umberto Scerrato (I would like to thank Valentino Pace for sending me the unpublished version of this article). The oliphants were also recently discussed in several exhibition catalogues, among which the following two should be cited here: Europa und der Orient 800–1900, exhibition catalogue (Berlin, 1989) and I Normanni: popolo d’Europa 1030–1200, exhibition catalogue (Venice, 1994).

24. 32 chapter three the Safar-nama, which was written around 1050. 67 Since Nasir-i Khusraw does not mention any decoration on the tusks, it is likely that they were sold as raw material for making ivory artefacts. 68 The import of elephants to North Africa via Egypt suggests, to some extent, that ivory trade took a similar route during that period, from East Africa and the Sudan via Egypt to the northern parts of Africa. 69 However, despite the occasional shortage of ivory caused by several papacy embargoes prohibiting mainly the Venetians but also other important trade centres of the Latin West from trading with the Levant, oriental merchandise did reach the West.

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